Release/Format: Difference between revisions
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|colspan="3"| [[Wikipedia:Compact_Disc|Compact Disc]] || 1982 || Widespread || PCM, Available in 120mm and 80mm formats. |
|colspan="3"| [[Wikipedia:Compact_Disc|Compact Disc]] || 1982 || Widespread || PCM, Available in 120mm and 80mm formats. |
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| ||colspan="2"| [[Wikipedia:Copy_Control|Copy Control CD]] || 2001 || Common? || |
| ||colspan="2"| [[Wikipedia:Copy_Control|Copy Control CD]] || 2001 || Common? || Copy Control CDs went out of favor by the end of 2006 |
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| ||colspan="2"| Data CD || || || |
| ||colspan="2"| Data CD || || || |
Revision as of 18:45, 26 April 2020
This field describes which medium a release is distributed on. Normally a release will be distributed on multiple media with different catalog numbers and barcodes; each should be a separate release.
The values may be:
Name | Date of creation | Rarity* | Details | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Compact Disc | 1982 | Widespread | PCM, Available in 120mm and 80mm formats. | ||
Copy Control CD | 2001 | Common? | Copy Control CDs went out of favor by the end of 2006 | ||
Data CD | |||||
DTS CD | 1992 | Very Rare | a.k.a. 5.1 Music Disc — DTS Audio | ||
Enhanced CD | 1995 | Common? Rare? | a.k.a E-CD, CD-Extra, CD-Plus & CD+ -- combines music and data tracks | ||
HDCD | 1995 | Rare? | High Definition Compatible Digital. Enhanced sound recording compatible with the standard Audio CD. In 2000 there were over 4000 releases available, in 2008 there were about 4000 releases. [1] | ||
CD-R | 1995 | Common? | Record-able CD | ||
8cm CD | |||||
Blu-spec CD | 2008 | Common | PCM | ||
SHM-CD | 2008 | Common | (English) (Super High Material CD) PCM | ||
HQCD | |||||
CD+G | 1985 | Rare | Audio CD with Graphics, usually used for karaoke | ||
8cm CD+G | |||||
Vinyl | 1948/1957/1971 | Common | Vinyl / Quad Vinyl. A simple evolution of gramophone record: Analog, with pre-emphasis and other equalization techniques (LP, RIAA). Lateral grooves, horizontal stylus motion. Monaural were created in 1948, then stereo vinyl came later in 1957 and Quad in 1971: analog, with pre-emphasis and other equalization techniques. Combination lateral/vertical stylus motion with each channel encoded 45 degrees to the vertical. | ||
7" Vinyl | Common | 17 cm | |||
10" Vinyl | 25 cm | ||||
12" Vinyl | Common | 30 cm | |||
Flexi-disc | 1962 | Common? | Phonosheet, Sonosheet, Soundsheet | ||
7" Flexi-disc | Common? | 17 cm | |||
Digital Media | Widespread | All born-digital releases, in any file format | |||
Cassette | 1963 | Common? | Analog, with bias, preemphasis, 1/8 inch wide tape, 17/8 inches/sec. 1970: introduced Dolby noise reduction. | ||
DVD | |||||
DVD-Audio | 1999 | Rare? Common? | |||
DVD-Video | 1997 | Widespread | |||
SACD | 1999 | Rare | Super Audio CD. Intended as successor to CD; generally regarded as a failure except by audiophiles. | ||
Hybrid SACD | Rare | SACD which also contains audio playable in normal CD players | |||
Hybrid SACD (CD layer) | |||||
Hybrid SACD (SACD layer) | |||||
SHM-SACD | Rare | SACD manufactured using the SHM manufacturing process | |||
DualDisc | 2003 | Common? | An audio cd on one side (though not redbook), and a dvd on the other side | ||
DualDisc (CD side) | |||||
DualDisc (DVD-Video side) | |||||
DualDisc (DVD-Audio side) | |||||
MiniDisc | 1991 | Common | ATRAC | ||
Blu-ray | 2006 | Common | |||
HD-DVD | 2005 | Rare? | |||
VCD | 1993 | Rare | Video CD. Digital format, precursor to DVD | ||
SVCD | 2000 | Rare? Common? | Super Video CD. Chinese-developed alternative to DVD-Video; intended as successor to VCD; didn't succeed. | ||
CDV | 1987 | Rare | CD Video. Mixed analog/digital video/audio format; began to disappear by 1991 | ||
UMD | 2004 | Rare | Universal Media Disk. a proprietary format used only by the PlayStation Portable; some movies were released on it | ||
Shellac | 1921 | Common? | Phonogram record made with shellac instead of vinyl | ||
7" Shellac | 17 cm | ||||
10" Shellac | 25 cm | ||||
12" Shellac | 30 cm | ||||
SD card | ? | ? | |||
slotMusic | 2008 | Common? | A type of microSD memory card developed by SanDisk preloaded with music in DRM-free MP3 format and other content. The current selection of songs comes from EMI Music, Sony BMG, Universal Music Group, and Warner Music Group. | ||
Other | Rare | Use for formats not otherwise listed | |||
3.5" Floppy Disk | 1971 | Rare? | |||
Betamax | 1975 | Common? | 'Dolby Stereo' cinema surround sound. | ||
Cartridge | 1962 | Rare? | 4 track (in 1962) / 8 track (in 1965) / Quad 8 track (in 1970) -- Analog, 1/4 inch wide tape, 3 3/4 inches/sec, endless loop cartridge. Quad: 4 Channel Stereo. | ||
CED | 1981 | Very Rare | Capacitance Electronic Disc | ||
DAT | 1987 | Rare | |||
DCC | 1992 | Very Rare | Digital Compact Cassette | ||
DVDplus | Rare | ||||
DVDplus (CD side) | |||||
DVDplus (DVD-Video side) | |||||
DVDplus (DVD-Audio side) | |||||
Edison Diamond Disc | 1912 | Rare | |||
LaserDisc | 1978 | Rare? | |||
8" LaserDisc | |||||
12" LaserDisc | |||||
Music Card | Common? | Card with a digital download code printed on it | |||
Pathé disc | 1905 | Rare | |||
Piano roll | 1883 | Very Rare | Mechanical digital | ||
Playbutton | Rare? | ||||
Reel-to-reel | 1930s | Rare | Analog; magnetization; "bias" dramatically increases linearity/fidelity | ||
USB Flash Drive | 2004 | Common? | 2004 was earliest use as a music format | ||
VHD | 1983 | Rare | |||
VHS | 197X | Common | |||
VinylDisc | 2007 | Rare? | It is made from two fused layers; the silver layer contains the digital information (either in CD or DVD format) and the upper layer has a record groove, meaning it can be played on any record-player. | ||
Wax Cylinder | 1877 | Very Rare | Mechanical analog; "hill-and-dale" grooves, vertical stylus motion |
(*) Rarity is just a rough indication of availability as consumer products - values are: "Very Rare", "Rare", "Common" and "Widespread".
Other items from the list I'm not sure how to fit in
Name | Date of creation | Rarity | Details | Map to |
Wire recording | 1898 | Rare | Analog; magnetization; no "bias" | Other |
Microcassette Minicassette | 1969 | Rare | Analog, 1/8 inch wide tape, mostly mono, some stereo. 2.4 cm/s or 1.2 cm/s. | Cassette |
4 tracks/8 tracks/multitracks recording | ? | Very Rare? | This is not in itself a physical format (may be performed on a variety of equipments, from tape based equipment to digital equipment and hard disks). Likely to be only available in studios, as professional equipments. | Other |
Elcaset | 1976 | Rare | A short lived cassette format. | Cassette |
Gramophone record | 1895 | Common | Mechanical analog; lateral grooves, horizontal stylus motion. The terms LP record (LP, 33, or 33-1/3 rpm record), EP, 16-2/3 rpm record (16), 45 rpm record (45), and 78 rpm record (78) refers to specific types of gramophone records | Vinyl |
Partial list of digital audio formats
- 1985 Audio Interchange File Format (AIFF)
- 1985 Sound Designer (by Digidesign)
- 1992 WAVEform (WAV)
- 1992 Dolby Digital surround cinema sound (AC-3)
- 1992 Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding (ATRAC)
- 1993 Digital Theatre System (DTS)
- 1993 Sony Dynamic Digital Sound (SDDS)
- 1995 MP3
- 1999 Windows Media Audio (WMA)
- 1999 The True Audio Lossless Codec (TTA)
- 2000 Free Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC)
- 2001 Advanced audio coding (AAC)
- 2002 Ogg Vorbis
- 2004 Apple Lossless (ALE or ALAC)
- 2012 Opus
More information
- The original ticket that led to our implementation is 2565
- Mailing list discussion is here
- Wikipedia has a list of Audio Formats
- https://musicbrainz.org/statistics/formats -- How many of each format are used, with links to lists of them.