Release/Format: Difference between revisions
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{{DocumentationHeader|Release|Terminology}} |
{{DocumentationHeader|Release|Terminology}} |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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This field describes which medium a [[Release]] is distributed on. Normally a release will be distributed on multiple media with different [[Release Catalog Number| |
This field describes which medium a [[Release|release]] is distributed on. Normally a release will be distributed on multiple media with different [[Release Catalog Number|catalog numbers]] and [[Barcode|barcodes]]; each should have a separate release event. |
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The values may be: |
The values may be: |
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* |
* CD |
||
* |
* DVD |
||
* |
* SACD |
||
* |
* DualDisc |
||
* |
* LaserDisc |
||
* |
* MiniDisc |
||
* |
* Vinyl |
||
* |
* Cassette |
||
* |
* Cartridge (4/8-tracks) |
||
* |
* Reel-to-reel |
||
* |
* DAT |
||
* |
* Digital Media |
||
* |
* Other |
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* Wax Cylinder |
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* Piano Roll |
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* DCC |
|||
==Exhaustive list== |
==Exhaustive list== |
||
Here's an attempt at listing some/most/all (?) known/existing audio physical support, and how we map them to our own list: |
Here's an attempt at listing some/most/all (?) known/existing audio physical support, and how we map them to our own list: |
||
===Purely audio physical supports=== |
===Purely audio physical supports=== |
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{| border="1" |
{| border="1" |
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|- |
|- |
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| Name || Date of creation || Rarity || Details || Map to |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| [[WikiPedia:Phonograph_cylinder|Phonograph cylinder]] || 1877 || Very rare || Mechanical analog; "hill-and-dale" grooves, vertical stylus motion || Wax Cylinder |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
| [[WikiPedia:Piano_roll|Piano roll]] || 1883 || Very rare || Mechanical digital || Piano Roll |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| [[WikiPedia:Gramophone_record|Gramophone record]] || 1895 || Common || Mechanical analog; lateral grooves, horizontal stylus motion. The terms LP record (LP, 33, or 33-1/3 rpm record), EP, 16-2/3 rpm record (16), 45 rpm record (45), and 78 rpm record (78) refers to specific types of gramophone records || Vinyl |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
| [[WikiPedia:Wire_recording|Wire recording]] || 1898 || Rare || Analog; magnetization; no "bias" || Other |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| [[WikiPedia:Reel-to-reel_audio_tape_recording|Reel-to-Reel]] || 1930s || Rare || Analog; magnetization; "bias" dramatically increases linearity/fidelity || Reel-to-reel |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
| [[WikiPedia:Gramophone_record|Vinyl record]] / Quad Vinyl || 1948/1957/1971 || Common || Is a simple evolution of gramophone record: Analog, with preemphasis and other equalization techniques (LP, RIAA). Lateral grooves, horizontal stylus motion. Monaural were created in 1948, then stereo vinyl came later in 1957 and Quad in 1971: analog, with preemphasis and other equalization techniques. Combination lateral/vertical stylus motion with each channel encoded 45 degrees to the vertical. || Vinyl |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| [[WikiPedia:4-track_cartridge|4 tracks cartridge]] / [[WikiPedia:8-track_cartridge|8 tracks cartridge]] / Quad 8 tracks || 1962/1965/1970 || Rare? || Analog, 1/4 inch wide tape, 3 3/4 inches/sec, endless loop cartridge. Quad: 4 Channel Stereo. || Cartridge (4/8-tracks) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| [[WikiPedia:Compact_Cassette|Compact cassette]] || 1963 || (still) common? || Analog, with bias, preemphasis, 1/8 inch wide tape, 17/8 inches/sec. 1970: introduced Dolby noise reduction. || Cassette |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
| [[WikiPedia:Microcassette|Microcassette]] [[WikiPedia:Minicassette|Minicassette]] || 1969 || Rare || Analog, 1/8 inch wide tape, mostly mono, some stereo. 2.4 cm/s or 1.2 cm/s. || Cassette |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
| [[WikiPedia:Multitrack_recording|4 tracks/8 tracks/multitracks recording]] || ? || Very rare? || This is not in itself a physical format (may be performed on a variety of equipments, from tape based equipment to digital equipment and hard disks). Likely to be only available in studios, as professional equipments. || Other |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| [[WikiPedia:Elcaset|Elcaset]] || 1976 || Rare || A short lived cassette format. || Cassette |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
| [[WikiPedia:Compact_Disc|Compact Disc]] || 1982 || Widespread || PCM, Avaialble in 120mm and 80mm formats. || CD |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| [[WikiPedia:Digital_Audio_Tape|DAT]] || 1987 || Rare || || DAT |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
| [[WikiPedia:MiniDisc|MiniDisc]] || 1991 || Common || ATRAC || MiniDisc |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
| [[WikiPedia:Digital_Compact_Cassette|Digital Compact Cassette]] || 1992 || Very rare || || DCC |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
| [[WikiPedia:DTS-CD|DTS-CD a.k.a. 5.1 Music Disc]] || 1992 || Very rare || DTS Audio || CD |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
| [[WikiPedia:DVD-Audio|DVD-Audio]] || 1999 || Rare? Common? || || DVD |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
| [[WikiPedia:Super_Audio_CD|SACD]] || 1999 || Rare? Common? || || SACD |
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|} |
|} |
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{| border="1" |
{| border="1" |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| Name || Date of creation || Rarity || Details || Map to |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| [[WikiPedia:Betamax|Betamax]] || 1975 || Common? || 'Dolby Stereo' cinema surround sound. || Other |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| [[WikiPedia:Laserdisc|Laserdisc]] || 1978 || Rare? || || LaserDisc |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| [[WikiPedia:DVD|DVD]] || 1997 || Widespread || || DVD |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| [[WikiPedia:DualDisc|DualDisc]] || 2003 || Common? || An audio cd on one side (though not redbook), and a dvd on the other side || DualDisc |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
| [[WikiPedia:USB_flash_drive#Music_storage_and_marketing|USB flash drive]] || 2004 (as music format) || Common? || || Other? Digital? |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
| [[WikiPedia:HD-DVD|HD-DVD]] || 2005 || Rare? || || ? |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
| [[WikiPedia:Blu-Ray|Blu-Ray]] || 2006 || Rare? || || ? |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
| [[WikiPedia:VinylDisc|VinylDisc]] || 2007 || Rare? || It is made from two fused layers; the silver layer contains the digital information (either in CD or DVD format) and the upper layer has a record groove, meaning it can be played on any record-player. || Other? DualDisc? |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
| [[WikiPedia:slotMusic|slotMusic]] || 2008 || Common? || slotMusic is a type of microSD memory card developed by SanDisk preloaded with music in DRM-free MP3 format and other content. The current selection of songs comes from EMI Music, Sony BMG, Universal Music Group, and Warner Music Group. || Other? Digital? |
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|} |
|} |
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⚫ | |||
===Partial list of digital audio formats=== |
===Partial list of digital audio formats=== |
||
* 1985 |
* 1985 [[WikiPedia:Aiff|Audio Interchange File Format (AIFF)]] |
||
* 1985 |
* 1985 Sound Designer (by Digidesign) |
||
* 1992 |
* 1992 [[WikiPedia:Wav|WAVEform (WAV)]] |
||
* 1992 |
* 1992 [[WikiPedia:Dolby_Digital|Dolby Digital surround cinema sound (AC-3)]] |
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* 1992 |
* 1992 [[WikiPedia:ATRAC|Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding (ATRAC)]] |
||
* 1993 |
* 1993 [[WikiPedia:Digital_Theater_System|Digital Theatre System (DTS)]] |
||
* 1993 |
* 1993 [[WikiPedia:SDDS|Sony Dynamic Digital Sound (SDDS)]] |
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* 1995 |
* 1995 [[WikiPedia:Mp3|MP3]] |
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* 1999 |
* 1999 [[WikiPedia:Wma|Windows Media Audio (WMA)]] |
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* 1999 |
* 1999 [[WikiPedia:TTA_%28codec%29|The True Audio Lossless Codec (TTA)]] |
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* 2000 |
* 2000 [[WikiPedia:Flac|Free Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC)]] |
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* 2001 |
* 2001 [[WikiPedia:Advanced_Audio_Coding|Advanced audio coding (AAC)]] |
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* 2002 |
* 2002 [[WikiPedia:Ogg|Ogg]] [[WikiPedia:Vorbis|Vorbis]] |
||
* 2004 |
* 2004 [[WikiPedia:Apple_Lossless|Apple Lossless (ALE or ALAC)]] |
||
⚫ | |||
==More information== |
==More information== |
||
* The original ticket that led to our implementation is [[Ticket:2565|2565]] |
* The original ticket that led to our implementation is [[Ticket:2565|2565]] |
||
* Mailing list discussion is [http://lists.musicbrainz.org/pipermail/musicbrainz-style/2007-March/004572.html here] |
* Mailing list discussion is [http://lists.musicbrainz.org/pipermail/musicbrainz-style/2007-March/004572.html here] |
||
* Wikipedia has a list of [[WikiPedia:Audio_format|Audio Formats]] |
* Wikipedia has a list of [[WikiPedia:Audio_format|Audio Formats]] |
||
* Discogs has its own list in their [http://help.discogs.com/wiki/SubmissionGuidelinesFormat Submission Guidelines] |
* Discogs has its own list in their [http://help.discogs.com/wiki/SubmissionGuidelinesFormat Submission Guidelines] |
||
----{{DocumentationFooter|1.0|voiceinsideyou}} |
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[[Category:To Be Reviewed]] [[Category:Release]] [[Category:Terminology]] |
[[Category:To Be Reviewed]] [[Category:Release]] [[Category:Terminology]] |
Revision as of 23:07, 3 December 2009
Description
This field describes which medium a release is distributed on. Normally a release will be distributed on multiple media with different catalog numbers and barcodes; each should have a separate release event.
The values may be:
- CD
- DVD
- SACD
- DualDisc
- LaserDisc
- MiniDisc
- Vinyl
- Cassette
- Cartridge (4/8-tracks)
- Reel-to-reel
- DAT
- Digital Media
- Other
- Wax Cylinder
- Piano Roll
- DCC
Exhaustive list
Here's an attempt at listing some/most/all (?) known/existing audio physical support, and how we map them to our own list:
Purely audio physical supports
Name | Date of creation | Rarity | Details | Map to |
Phonograph cylinder | 1877 | Very rare | Mechanical analog; "hill-and-dale" grooves, vertical stylus motion | Wax Cylinder |
Piano roll | 1883 | Very rare | Mechanical digital | Piano Roll |
Gramophone record | 1895 | Common | Mechanical analog; lateral grooves, horizontal stylus motion. The terms LP record (LP, 33, or 33-1/3 rpm record), EP, 16-2/3 rpm record (16), 45 rpm record (45), and 78 rpm record (78) refers to specific types of gramophone records | Vinyl |
Wire recording | 1898 | Rare | Analog; magnetization; no "bias" | Other |
Reel-to-Reel | 1930s | Rare | Analog; magnetization; "bias" dramatically increases linearity/fidelity | Reel-to-reel |
Vinyl record / Quad Vinyl | 1948/1957/1971 | Common | Is a simple evolution of gramophone record: Analog, with preemphasis and other equalization techniques (LP, RIAA). Lateral grooves, horizontal stylus motion. Monaural were created in 1948, then stereo vinyl came later in 1957 and Quad in 1971: analog, with preemphasis and other equalization techniques. Combination lateral/vertical stylus motion with each channel encoded 45 degrees to the vertical. | Vinyl |
4 tracks cartridge / 8 tracks cartridge / Quad 8 tracks | 1962/1965/1970 | Rare? | Analog, 1/4 inch wide tape, 3 3/4 inches/sec, endless loop cartridge. Quad: 4 Channel Stereo. | Cartridge (4/8-tracks) |
Compact cassette | 1963 | (still) common? | Analog, with bias, preemphasis, 1/8 inch wide tape, 17/8 inches/sec. 1970: introduced Dolby noise reduction. | Cassette |
Microcassette Minicassette | 1969 | Rare | Analog, 1/8 inch wide tape, mostly mono, some stereo. 2.4 cm/s or 1.2 cm/s. | Cassette |
4 tracks/8 tracks/multitracks recording | ? | Very rare? | This is not in itself a physical format (may be performed on a variety of equipments, from tape based equipment to digital equipment and hard disks). Likely to be only available in studios, as professional equipments. | Other |
Elcaset | 1976 | Rare | A short lived cassette format. | Cassette |
Compact Disc | 1982 | Widespread | PCM, Avaialble in 120mm and 80mm formats. | CD |
DAT | 1987 | Rare | DAT | |
MiniDisc | 1991 | Common | ATRAC | MiniDisc |
Digital Compact Cassette | 1992 | Very rare | DCC | |
DTS-CD a.k.a. 5.1 Music Disc | 1992 | Very rare | DTS Audio | CD |
DVD-Audio | 1999 | Rare? Common? | DVD | |
SACD | 1999 | Rare? Common? | SACD |
Video and mixed physical supports
Name | Date of creation | Rarity | Details | Map to |
Betamax | 1975 | Common? | 'Dolby Stereo' cinema surround sound. | Other |
Laserdisc | 1978 | Rare? | LaserDisc | |
DVD | 1997 | Widespread | DVD | |
DualDisc | 2003 | Common? | An audio cd on one side (though not redbook), and a dvd on the other side | DualDisc |
USB flash drive | 2004 (as music format) | Common? | Other? Digital? | |
HD-DVD | 2005 | Rare? | ? | |
Blu-Ray | 2006 | Rare? | ? | |
VinylDisc | 2007 | Rare? | It is made from two fused layers; the silver layer contains the digital information (either in CD or DVD format) and the upper layer has a record groove, meaning it can be played on any record-player. | Other? DualDisc? |
slotMusic | 2008 | Common? | slotMusic is a type of microSD memory card developed by SanDisk preloaded with music in DRM-free MP3 format and other content. The current selection of songs comes from EMI Music, Sony BMG, Universal Music Group, and Warner Music Group. | Other? Digital? |
(*) Rarity is just a rough indication of availability as consumer products - values are: "Very Rare", "Rare", "Common", "Widespread"
Partial list of digital audio formats
- 1985 Audio Interchange File Format (AIFF)
- 1985 Sound Designer (by Digidesign)
- 1992 WAVEform (WAV)
- 1992 Dolby Digital surround cinema sound (AC-3)
- 1992 Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding (ATRAC)
- 1993 Digital Theatre System (DTS)
- 1993 Sony Dynamic Digital Sound (SDDS)
- 1995 MP3
- 1999 Windows Media Audio (WMA)
- 1999 The True Audio Lossless Codec (TTA)
- 2000 Free Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC)
- 2001 Advanced audio coding (AAC)
- 2002 Ogg Vorbis
- 2004 Apple Lossless (ALE or ALAC)
More information
- The original ticket that led to our implementation is 2565
- Mailing list discussion is here
- Wikipedia has a list of Audio Formats
- Discogs has its own list in their Submission Guidelines