https://wiki.musicbrainz.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Symphonick&feedformat=atomMusicBrainz Wiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T00:27:08ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.39.4https://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/Work_titles&diff=64832User:Symphonick/Work titles2013-10-23T14:31:37Z<p>Symphonick: /* Part numbers */ more examples + "work numbers"</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=Works titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=http://musicbrainz.1054305.n4.nabble.com/RFC-STYLE-263-Works-titles-guideline-tp4658896.html<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-263<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
#Try to establish the current title of the work in the language of the work and use this in the title field.<br />
#All other titles should be in other fields; aliases or advanced attributes.<br />
#No other information should be added to the title field.<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field should only contain the canonical title of the work, expressed in the language the work was originally written. This is not necessarily the composer's preferred language, also consider if the work was written with a specific performance or audience (country) in mind. See style/language for how to format language-specific details.<br /><br />
<br />
''So-called untitled works, where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have separate guidelines.''<br /><br />
<br />
When dealing with written music, it is recommended to use a recent printed score as the source for titles.<br /><br />
If the ideal source is not available to you, just <u>use the best source you can find</u>. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
===Other information===<br />
Catalogue numbers, part numbers, instrumentation does not belong in the title field. This information can ''(eventually)'' be stored using ''advanced attributes''.<br /><br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
In cases where the part number actually is the only title, it should be used in the title field. Otherwise, part ordering will be displayed using the ''(upcoming)'' ordering system.<br /><br />
[[Image:Attention.png]] Only part numbers given by the writer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*The Road to Hell<br />
**Part I<br />
**Part II<br />
*10 Märsche um den Sieg zu verfehlen <br />
**Nr. 1<br />
**Nr. 2<br />
<br />
===Work numbers===<br />
Another instance when you need numbers in the title field to order works of the same type by one composer. "Symphony No. 5" and so on.<br />
<br />
==Concatenating part and sub-part titles==<br />
As a temporary workaround until a technical solution is in place, this has to be done manually. See examples below.<br /><br />
{{note}} Use the title from the connected main work, do not translate titles or create new works.<br /><br />
[[Image:Attention.png]] Do not concatenate titles of collections of free-standing works, e.g. "8 songs", "3 Piano Sonatas" etc.<br />
<br />
==Examples==<br />
''Main works, will add links later''<br />
*Winterreise ''by F. Schubert''<br />
*Missa in Angustiis ''by J. Haydn''<br />
*Die Zauberflöte ''by W.A. Mozart''</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/Work_titles&diff=64805User:Symphonick/Work titles2013-10-23T09:07:12Z<p>Symphonick: complete rewrite following discussion</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=Works titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=http://musicbrainz.1054305.n4.nabble.com/RFC-STYLE-263-Works-titles-guideline-tp4658896.html<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-263<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
#Try to establish the current title of the work in the language of the work and use this in the title field.<br />
#All other titles should be in other fields; aliases or advanced attributes.<br />
#No other information should be added to the title field.<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field should only contain the canonical title of the work, expressed in the language the work was originally written. This is not necessarily the composer's preferred language, also consider if the work was written with a specific performance or audience (country) in mind. See style/language for how to format language-specific details.<br /><br />
<br />
''So-called untitled works, where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have separate guidelines.''<br /><br />
<br />
When dealing with written music, it is recommended to use a recent printed score as the source for titles.<br /><br />
If the ideal source is not available to you, just <u>use the best source you can find</u>. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
===Other information===<br />
Catalogue numbers, part numbers, instrumentation does not belong in the title field. This information can ''(eventually)'' be stored using ''advanced attributes''.<br /><br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
In cases where the part number actually is the only title, it should be used in the title field. Otherwise, part ordering will be displayed using the ''(upcoming)'' ordering system.<br /><br />
[[Image:Attention.png]] Only part numbers given by the writer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*The Road to Hell<br />
**Part I<br />
**Part II<br />
<br />
==Concatenating part and sub-part titles==<br />
As a temporary workaround until a technical solution is in place, this has to be done manually. See examples below.<br /><br />
{{note}} Use the title from the connected main work, do not translate titles or create new works.<br /><br />
[[Image:Attention.png]] Do not concatenate titles of collections of free-standing works, e.g. "8 songs", "3 Piano Sonatas" etc.<br />
<br />
==Examples==<br />
''Main works, will add links later''<br />
*Winterreise ''by F. Schubert''<br />
*Missa in Angustiis ''by J. Haydn''<br />
*Die Zauberflöte ''by W.A. Mozart''</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/Work_titles&diff=64799User:Symphonick/Work titles2013-10-22T09:25:26Z<p>Symphonick: RFC thread</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=Works titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=http://musicbrainz.1054305.n4.nabble.com/RFC-STYLE-263-Works-titles-guideline-tp4658896.html<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-263<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
#Try to establish the original title in the original language and use this in the title field.<br />
#All other titles should be in aliases.<br />
#No other information should be added to the title field. ''A temporary exception is made for part numbers and catalogue numbers, see below''<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field should only contain the title given by the composer, in the language the work was originally written. This is not necessarily the composer's preferred language, also consider if the work was written with a specific performance or audience (country) in mind. See style/language for how to format language-specific details.<br /><br />
One [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]] can be added to this title ''(as a workaround until catalogues can have specific fields)''.<br /><br />
[[#Untitled work|Untitled works]], where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have separate guidelines.<br /><br />
<br />
When dealing with written music, it is recommended to use printed scores as sources for titles. For example [http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, often early editions and autographs (common places for an original title to be found).''<br /><br />
If the ideal source is not available to you, just <u>use the best source you can find</u>. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
===Catalogue numbers exception===<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
Exact formatting depends on the specific catalogue, e.g. certain catalogues have a dot before the number etc.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Winterreise, D 911 ''by F. Schubert''<br />
*Falstaff, op. 68 ''by E. Elgar''<br />
*Missa in Angustiis, Hob. XXII:11 ''by J. Haydn''<br />
*Die Zauberflöte, K. 620 ''by W.A. Mozart''<br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
====Part ordering====<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/Work_titles&diff=64798User:Symphonick/Work titles2013-10-22T09:14:10Z<p>Symphonick: JIRA ticket</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=Works titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-263<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
#Try to establish the original title in the original language and use this in the title field.<br />
#All other titles should be in aliases.<br />
#No other information should be added to the title field. ''A temporary exception is made for part numbers and catalogue numbers, see below''<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field should only contain the title given by the composer, in the language the work was originally written. This is not necessarily the composer's preferred language, also consider if the work was written with a specific performance or audience (country) in mind. See style/language for how to format language-specific details.<br /><br />
One [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]] can be added to this title ''(as a workaround until catalogues can have specific fields)''.<br /><br />
[[#Untitled work|Untitled works]], where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have separate guidelines.<br /><br />
<br />
When dealing with written music, it is recommended to use printed scores as sources for titles. For example [http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, often early editions and autographs (common places for an original title to be found).''<br /><br />
If the ideal source is not available to you, just <u>use the best source you can find</u>. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
===Catalogue numbers exception===<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
Exact formatting depends on the specific catalogue, e.g. certain catalogues have a dot before the number etc.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Winterreise, D 911 ''by F. Schubert''<br />
*Falstaff, op. 68 ''by E. Elgar''<br />
*Missa in Angustiis, Hob. XXII:11 ''by J. Haydn''<br />
*Die Zauberflöte, K. 620 ''by W.A. Mozart''<br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
====Part ordering====<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/Work_titles&diff=64797User:Symphonick/Work titles2013-10-22T09:09:12Z<p>Symphonick: v1beta</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=Works titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
#Try to establish the original title in the original language and use this in the title field.<br />
#All other titles should be in aliases.<br />
#No other information should be added to the title field. ''A temporary exception is made for part numbers and catalogue numbers, see below''<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field should only contain the title given by the composer, in the language the work was originally written. This is not necessarily the composer's preferred language, also consider if the work was written with a specific performance or audience (country) in mind. See style/language for how to format language-specific details.<br /><br />
One [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]] can be added to this title ''(as a workaround until catalogues can have specific fields)''.<br /><br />
[[#Untitled work|Untitled works]], where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have separate guidelines.<br /><br />
<br />
When dealing with written music, it is recommended to use printed scores as sources for titles. For example [http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, often early editions and autographs (common places for an original title to be found).''<br /><br />
If the ideal source is not available to you, just <u>use the best source you can find</u>. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
===Catalogue numbers exception===<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
Exact formatting depends on the specific catalogue, e.g. certain catalogues have a dot before the number etc.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Winterreise, D 911 ''by F. Schubert''<br />
*Falstaff, op. 68 ''by E. Elgar''<br />
*Missa in Angustiis, Hob. XXII:11 ''by J. Haydn''<br />
*Die Zauberflöte, K. 620 ''by W.A. Mozart''<br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
====Part ordering====<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64796User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-10-22T08:49:32Z<p>Symphonick: proposal on hold</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=on hold<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
#Try to establish the original title in the original language and use this in the title field.<br />
#All other titles should be in aliases.<br />
#One catalogue number can be added to the title field, but no other information, except for 4)<br />
#See untitled works when there is no explicit title or any lyrics to quote.<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field should only contain the title given by the composer, in the language the work was originally written. This is not necessarily the composer's preferred language, also consider if the work was written with a specific performance or audience (country) in mind. See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details.<br /><br />
One [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]] can be added to this title ''(as a workaround until catalogues can have specific fields)''.<br /><br />
[[#Untitled work|Untitled works]], where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
It is recommended to use printed scores as sources for titles. For example [http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, often early editions and autographs (common places for an original title to be found).''<br /><br />
If that is not available, just <u>use the best source you can find</u>. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
===Titled works variants===<br />
*Title<br />
*Title, [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]<br />
*[[#Part numbers| Part number]]. Title<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:d2fbf91c-f3a6-4667-a892-56d615f56e23|Jeu de cartes]] ''by Stravinskij''<br />
<br />
*[[Work:426b7e1c-68e7-42cf-9cae-4ba34feddf67|The Messiah, HWV 56]] ''by G.F. Händel''<br />
*(part number example goes here)<br />
<br />
===Score overview===<br />
In the score the title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface (see below). But in some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title printed in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
''Note that this is just one example of how a score could look like.''<br />
<br />
===Catalogue numbers===<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
Exact formatting depends on the specific catalogue, e.g. certain catalogues have a dot before the number etc.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Winterreise, D 911 ''by F. Schubert''<br />
*Falstaff, op. 68 ''by E. Elgar''<br />
*Missa in Angustiis, Hob. XXII:11 ''by J. Haydn''<br />
*Die Zauberflöte, K. 620 ''by W.A. Mozart''<br />
<br />
====Part works catalogue====<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
====Part ordering====<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
===Other titles===<br />
Titles not by the composer should be in separate aliases. This includes:<br />
* "Modern" titles, when the original title by the composer is rarely used<br />
* Nicknames, such as "Moonlight Sonata" ''(more common with untitled works)''<br />
* Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio". Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br />
* Works that have both a title by the composer and a generic version of the title (that can contain ordering numbers not in the original title)<br />
<br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard title for your specific language. More titles can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
Using the disambiguation field can be problematic since these titles are often local, while the disambiguation field is global. E.g. a French nickname is usually translated, if it exists at all in English.<br/ ><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ''by Bach/Gounod'' '''alias''' ''(all languages)'': Ave Maria <br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ''by J.S. Bach'' '''German alias:''' Matthäus-Passion <br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]] ''by D. Schostakovich'', '''English alias:''' Moscow, Cheryomushki, Op. 105<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 1 ''by Beethoven'' '''English alias:''' Piano Sonata No. 13 in Eb-flat major, Op. 27 No. 1<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven'' '''English search hint alias:''' Moonlight Sonata<br />
* [[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]] ''by W.A. Mozart'' '''English search hint alias:''' Elvira Madigan<br />
* [[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]] ''by S. Rachmaninoff'' '''English search hint alias:''' Vespers<br />
<br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br /><br />
<br />
==Other information from the score==<br />
The information from the categories below should not be added to the title field for titled works (use the annotation if necessary), but can be useful when dealing with untitled works.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation===<br />
Ex. "for flute and piano", "for strings" etc.<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character===<br />
Ex. allegro, moderato, slow.<br />
<br />
===Key / Modus===<br />
Ex. "G-Dur", "en Si bemol", "A-flat major" etc. See the CSG-language pages for details. <br />
<br />
==="Subtitle"===<br />
The subtitle line(s) in the score and on the title page can contain a variety of information related to the music. Usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, but pretty much anything can be added here by the composer or by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (J.S. Bach: Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
*mit Schluss-Chor über Schillers Ode: "An die Freude" für grosses Orchester, 4 Solo- und 4 Chor-Stimmen, componirt und seiner Majestaet dem König von Preussen Friedrich Wilhelm III. in liebster Ehrfurcht zugeeignet von Ludwig van Beethoven" <br />
<br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above) and in what language the original title should be.<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Ex. "Dem Grafen Ferdinand von Waldstein gewidmet". Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page.<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
For a lot of (especially older) vocal music ''(and instrumental music based on vocal music, e.g. chorale preludes)'', there is no explicit title. Instead the title is (a part of) the first line in the lyrics.<br /><br />
Try to find the most common length of the quote, if it is not available in the score.<br /> <br />
<br />
{{note}} Do not put quotation marks around quotes.<br /> <br />
<br />
Titles made from quotes is treated like any other titled work in MusicBrainz; nothing else is allowed in the title field except part numbers and one catalogue number.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
*Vor deinen Thron tret' ich, BWV 668<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Translations===<br />
Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br /><br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key. Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as an alias.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831 ''by J.S. Bach''<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven''<br />
*10 Märsche, um den Sieg zu verfehlen ''by Mauricio Kagel''<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". When a vocal work has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see [[#Quotes| quotes]] above.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
What to append to the basic form (if anything) depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) if it is not '''how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
<br />
E.g. a prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor"), while a prelude from an instrumental suite is simply the "prelude from the G-major suite". You would never add anything to the form in the latter case (in a suite, multiple works in the same form usually have numbers after the form, e.g. Menuet I, Menuet II).<br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]] ''from Ouverture g-Moll by J.S Bach''<br />
<br />
<br />
====Untitled stage music====<br />
Most stage music works have titles, but there are some common untitled works: overtures, acts, parts and (in ballets) scenes (can also be titled).<br/ ><br />
Establishing the original language is the only formatting that can be done with these works. Normally, no other information should be added. E.g. overtures are identified as "the overture from opera X" and so on.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br /><br />
<br />
The title field should use the original instrumentation, e.g. "pianoforte". Aliases can have "modern" instruments.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
*Adagio for Strings ''by S. Barber''<br />
<br />
===Form/instrumentation order number===<br />
If a composer has written multiple works of the same form and instrumentation, they often get numbered chronologically. The order number goes after the instrumentation. Formatting is language-dependent.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:aacb1ab0-c740-436a-a782-ed60026cf82b|Symfonie č. 9 e moll]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
Keys in untitled works should be standardized into "modern" formatting including tonality (major/minor) where applicable. See the respective CSG-language pages for details.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll]] ''by J.S Bach''<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into two major different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or when there is a short introduction in another (slower) tempo than the main part of the work. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
Some parts of a multi-part work can have a form/type (e.g. Finale, Scherzo), while other parts are untitled, and has the character/tempo as title (e.g. Allegro). In that case, choose form/type instead of character. Do not mix form with character in the title field. The character can be entered as a search hint alias.<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Allegro ma non troppo, un poco maestoso ''by Beethoven (from the 9th symphony)''<br />
*I. Allegro molto ed appassionato ''by E. Grieg (from Violin Sonata no. 3)''<br />
*I. Largo e maestoso - Allegro non troppo ''from "Scheherazade" by Rimsky-Korsakov''<br />
<br />
<br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
{{note}} Expand shorthand notation, e.g. "Allo." to "Allegro".<br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
*You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
*Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Part numbers| Part numbers] above.<br />
*Part numbers should be in the format the composer used (previously part numbers had to be Roman Numerals)<br />
*Let nicknames get separate aliases, do not add a nickname to another title.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/Work_titles&diff=64795User:Symphonick/Work titles2013-10-22T08:45:29Z<p>Symphonick: copying from the CSG-works-titles proposal</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=Works titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
#Try to establish the original title in the original language and use this in the title field.<br />
#All other titles should be in aliases.<br />
#One catalogue number can be added to the title field, but no other information, except for 4)<br />
#See untitled works when there is no explicit title or any lyrics to quote.<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field should only contain the title given by the composer, in the language the work was originally written. This is not necessarily the composer's preferred language, also consider if the work was written with a specific performance or audience (country) in mind. See style/language for how to format language-specific details.<br /><br />
One [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]] can be added to this title ''(as a workaround until catalogues can have specific fields)''.<br /><br />
[[#Untitled work|Untitled works]], where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
It is recommended to use printed scores as sources for titles. For example [http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, often early editions and autographs (common places for an original title to be found).''<br /><br />
If that is not available, just <u>use the best source you can find</u>. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
===Catalogue numbers exception===<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
Exact formatting depends on the specific catalogue, e.g. certain catalogues have a dot before the number etc.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Winterreise, D 911 ''by F. Schubert''<br />
*Falstaff, op. 68 ''by E. Elgar''<br />
*Missa in Angustiis, Hob. XXII:11 ''by J. Haydn''<br />
*Die Zauberflöte, K. 620 ''by W.A. Mozart''<br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
====Part ordering====<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_examples_comments&diff=64411User:Symphonick/CSG examples comments2013-09-09T13:57:15Z<p>Symphonick: other titles section</p>
<hr />
<div>Since it is not possible to explain every detail about the classical works titles in the guideline, this page was created to hopefully answer some questions one might have. Why was a specific language chosen? What is the reasoning behind a specific formatting and so on. <br />
<br />
<br />
===Titled works variants===<br />
*[[Work:426b7e1c-68e7-42cf-9cae-4ba34feddf67|The Messiah, HWV 56]] ''by G.F. Händel''<br /><br />
This work was premièred in London, so the the title of the original work is in English. Further down in the guideline there are examples of Mozart's arrangement of this work. His version has German lyrics, and consequently, German titles. Regarding translations in general, there should be specific works if the translator is known. Otherwise you should link to the original work. "The Messiah" is often printed with both English and German lyrics in the score.<br /><br />
<br />
Note that the standard catalogue for Händel's works is HWV, Händel Werke Verzeichnis: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A4ndel-Werke-Verzeichnis<br /><br />
<br />
Also note that this work has many different versions: revisions by Händel and (most notably) the arrangement by Mozart. It is not uncommon that a performance of The Messiah mixes from the different versions. Be aware that a performance could actually mix [translated] lyrics from one specific version with music from another version, which unfortunately breaks the current works system in MusicBrainz. Should this happen, link the recording to both works and explain the situation in the annotation.<br />
<br />
<br />
*[[Work:d2fbf91c-f3a6-4667-a892-56d615f56e23|Jeu de cartes]] ''by Stravinskij''<br />
<br />
''is unconfirmed and may have to be replaced''<br />
<br />
<br />
===Catalogue numbers===<br />
*Winterreise, D 911 ''by F. Schubert''<br />
*Falstaff, op. 68 ''by E. Elgar''<br />
*Missa in Angustiis, Hob. XXII:11 ''by J. Haydn''<br />
*Die Zauberflöte, K. 620 ''by W.A. Mozart''<br />
<br />
This is a listing of some common catalogues, with their respective formatting. Regarding Mozart, do not use the earlier Köchel revisions.<br />
<br />
====Part works catalogue====<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
This is covered in the guideline. The important thing here is to separate between stand-alone works and works that are parts of a bigger work, like a symphony.<br /><br />
''A "main work" can have parts and be a part of a collection, say 3 piano sonatas published together. See examples from Beethoven's piano sonatas.''<br />
<br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
<br />
In most cases, "Gloria" is a part of a mass and considered a complete title. A "Gloria" can also be a larger work, in which case the key would be following; e.g. Gloria in D-minor.<br />
<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
<br />
A title from Händel's original score. No part number.<br />
<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
Mozart's arrangement of "The Messiah". German lyrics, as stated before. Mozart also added numbers, here to the recitative + aria pair, which will be a "container" work with two sub-parts (indented). The sub-parts are not numbered.<br />
<br />
===Other titles===<br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ''by Bach/Gounod'' '''alias''' ''(all languages)'': Ave Maria<br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ''by J.S. Bach'' '''German alias:''' Matthäus-Passion <br />
<br />
Examples of "archaic" original titles.<br />
<br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]] ''by D. Schostakovich'', '''English alias:''' Moscow, Cheryomushki, Op. 105<br />
<br />
As with the oratorio above, the title of an opera will be in the same language as the lyrics.<br />
<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 1 ''by Beethoven'' '''English alias:''' Piano Sonata No. 13 in Eb-flat major, Op. 27 No. 1<br />
<br />
The title comes from the frontpage of the first edition. Both no. 1 and no. 2 have identical titles. This is considered a title from the composer, so we do not add a key or anything, just the catalogue no.<br />
<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven'' '''English search hint alias:''' Moonlight Sonata<br />
* [[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]] ''by W.A. Mozart'' '''English search hint alias:''' Elvira Madigan<br />
* [[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]] ''by S. Rachmaninoff'' '''English search hint alias:''' Vespers<br />
<br />
Examples of popular names/nicknames. ''The Mozart title needs fixing''</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_examples_comments&diff=64409User:Symphonick/CSG examples comments2013-09-09T12:19:33Z<p>Symphonick: part numbers section</p>
<hr />
<div>Since it is not possible to explain every detail about the classical works titles in the guideline, this page was created to hopefully answer some questions one might have. Why was a specific language chosen? What is the reasoning behind a specific formatting and so on. <br />
<br />
<br />
===Titled works variants===<br />
*[[Work:426b7e1c-68e7-42cf-9cae-4ba34feddf67|The Messiah, HWV 56]] ''by G.F. Händel''<br /><br />
This work was premièred in London, so the the title of the original work is in English. Further down in the guideline there are examples of Mozart's arrangement of this work. His version has German lyrics, and consequently, German titles. Regarding translations in general, there should be specific works if the translator is known. Otherwise you should link to the original work. "The Messiah" is often printed with both English and German lyrics in the score.<br /><br />
<br />
Note that the standard catalogue for Händel's works is HWV, Händel Werke Verzeichnis: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A4ndel-Werke-Verzeichnis<br /><br />
<br />
Also note that this work has many different versions: revisions by Händel and (most notably) the arrangement by Mozart. It is not uncommon that a performance of The Messiah mixes from the different versions. Be aware that a performance could actually mix [translated] lyrics from one specific version with music from another version, which unfortunately breaks the current works system in MusicBrainz. Should this happen, link the recording to both works and explain the situation in the annotation.<br />
<br />
<br />
*[[Work:d2fbf91c-f3a6-4667-a892-56d615f56e23|Jeu de cartes]] ''by Stravinskij''<br />
<br />
''is unconfirmed and may have to be replaced''<br />
<br />
<br />
===Catalogue numbers===<br />
*Winterreise, D 911 ''by F. Schubert''<br />
*Falstaff, op. 68 ''by E. Elgar''<br />
*Missa in Angustiis, Hob. XXII:11 ''by J. Haydn''<br />
*Die Zauberflöte, K. 620 ''by W.A. Mozart''<br />
<br />
This is a listing of some common catalogues, with their respective formatting. Regarding Mozart, do not use the earlier Köchel revisions.<br />
<br />
====Part works catalogue====<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
This is covered in the guideline. The important thing here is to separate between stand-alone works and works that are parts of a bigger work, like a symphony.<br /><br />
''A "main work" can have parts and be a part of a collection, say 3 piano sonatas published together. See examples from Beethoven's piano sonatas.''<br />
<br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
<br />
In most cases, "Gloria" is a part of a mass and considered a complete title. A "Gloria" can also be a larger work, in which case the key would be following; e.g. Gloria in D-minor.<br />
<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
<br />
A title from Händel's original score. No part number.<br />
<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
Mozart's arrangement of "The Messiah". German lyrics, as stated before. Mozart also added numbers, here to the recitative + aria pair, which will be a "container" work with two sub-parts (indented). The sub-parts are not numbered.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_examples_comments&diff=64402User:Symphonick/CSG examples comments2013-09-08T11:02:23Z<p>Symphonick: CSG examples commented (beginning)</p>
<hr />
<div>Since it is not possible to explain every detail about the classical works titles in the guideline, this page was created to hopefully answer some questions one might have. Why was a specific language chosen? What is the reasoning behind a specific formatting and so on. <br />
<br />
<br />
===Titled works variants===<br />
*[[Work:426b7e1c-68e7-42cf-9cae-4ba34feddf67|The Messiah, HWV 56]] ''by G.F. Händel''<br /><br />
This work was premièred in London, so the the title of the original work is in English. Further down in the guideline there are examples of Mozart's arrangement of this work. His version has German lyrics, and consequently, German titles. Regarding translations in general, there should be specific works if the translator is known. Otherwise you should link to the original work. "The Messiah" is often printed with both English and German lyrics in the score.<br /><br />
<br />
Note that the standard catalogue for Händel's works is HWV, Händel Werke Verzeichnis: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A4ndel-Werke-Verzeichnis<br /><br />
<br />
Also note that this work has many different versions: revisions by Händel and (most notably) the arrangement by Mozart. It is not uncommon that a performance of The Messiah mixes from the different versions. Be aware that a performance could actually mix [translated] lyrics from one specific version with music from another version, which unfortunately breaks the current works system in MusicBrainz. Should this happen, link the recording to both works and explain the situation in the annotation.<br />
<br />
<br />
*[[Work:d2fbf91c-f3a6-4667-a892-56d615f56e23|Jeu de cartes]] ''by Stravinskij''<br />
<br />
''is unconfirmed and may have to be replaced''<br />
<br />
<br />
===Catalogue numbers===<br />
<br />
*Winterreise, D 911 ''by F. Schubert''<br />
*Falstaff, op. 68 ''by E. Elgar''<br />
*Missa in Angustiis, Hob. XXII:11 ''by J. Haydn''<br />
*Die Zauberflöte, K. 620 ''by W.A. Mozart''<br />
<br />
This is a listing of some common catalogues, with their respective formatting. Regarding Mozart, note that you should not use the earlier Köchel revisions.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64401User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-09-08T09:59:58Z<p>Symphonick: /* Other titles */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
#Try to establish the original title in the original language and use this in the title field.<br />
#All other titles should be in aliases.<br />
#One catalogue number can be added to the title field, but no other information, except for 4)<br />
#See untitled works when there is no explicit title or any lyrics to quote.<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field should only contain the title given by the composer, in the language the work was originally written. This is not necessarily the composer's preferred language, also consider if the work was written with a specific performance or audience (country) in mind. See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details.<br /><br />
One [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]] can be added to this title ''(as a workaround until catalogues can have specific fields)''.<br /><br />
[[#Untitled work|Untitled works]], where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
It is recommended to use printed scores as sources for titles. For example [http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, often early editions and autographs (common places for an original title to be found).''<br /><br />
If that is not available, just <u>use the best source you can find</u>. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
===Titled works variants===<br />
*Title<br />
*Title, [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]<br />
*[[#Part numbers| Part number]]. Title<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:d2fbf91c-f3a6-4667-a892-56d615f56e23|Jeu de cartes]] ''by Stravinskij''<br />
<br />
*[[Work:426b7e1c-68e7-42cf-9cae-4ba34feddf67|The Messiah, HWV 56]] ''by G.F. Händel''<br />
*(part number example goes here)<br />
<br />
===Score overview===<br />
In the score the title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface (see below). But in some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title printed in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
''Note that this is just one example of how a score could look like.''<br />
<br />
===Catalogue numbers===<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
Exact formatting depends on the specific catalogue, e.g. certain catalogues have a dot before the number etc.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Winterreise, D 911 ''by F. Schubert''<br />
*Falstaff, op. 68 ''by E. Elgar''<br />
*Missa in Angustiis, Hob. XXII:11 ''by J. Haydn''<br />
*Die Zauberflöte, K. 620 ''by W.A. Mozart''<br />
<br />
====Part works catalogue====<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
====Part ordering====<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
===Other titles===<br />
Titles not by the composer should be in separate aliases. This includes:<br />
* "Modern" titles, when the original title by the composer is rarely used<br />
* Nicknames, such as "Moonlight Sonata" ''(more common with untitled works)''<br />
* Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio". Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br />
* Works that have both a title by the composer and a generic version of the title (that can contain ordering numbers not in the original title)<br />
<br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard title for your specific language. More titles can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
Using the disambiguation field can be problematic since these titles are often local, while the disambiguation field is global. E.g. a French nickname is usually translated, if it exists at all in English.<br/ ><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ''by Bach/Gounod'' '''alias''' ''(all languages)'': Ave Maria <br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ''by J.S. Bach'' '''German alias:''' Matthäus-Passion <br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]] ''by D. Schostakovich'', '''English alias:''' Moscow, Cheryomushki, Op. 105<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 1 ''by Beethoven'' '''English alias:''' Piano Sonata No. 13 in Eb-flat major, Op. 27 No. 1<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven'' '''English search hint alias:''' Moonlight Sonata<br />
* [[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]] ''by W.A. Mozart'' '''English search hint alias:''' Elvira Madigan<br />
* [[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]] ''by S. Rachmaninoff'' '''English search hint alias:''' Vespers<br />
<br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br /><br />
<br />
==Other information from the score==<br />
The information from the categories below should not be added to the title field for titled works (use the annotation if necessary), but can be useful when dealing with untitled works.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation===<br />
Ex. "for flute and piano", "for strings" etc.<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character===<br />
Ex. allegro, moderato, slow.<br />
<br />
===Key / Modus===<br />
Ex. "G-Dur", "en Si bemol", "A-flat major" etc. See the CSG-language pages for details. <br />
<br />
==="Subtitle"===<br />
The subtitle line(s) in the score and on the title page can contain a variety of information related to the music. Usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, but pretty much anything can be added here by the composer or by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (J.S. Bach: Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
*mit Schluss-Chor über Schillers Ode: "An die Freude" für grosses Orchester, 4 Solo- und 4 Chor-Stimmen, componirt und seiner Majestaet dem König von Preussen Friedrich Wilhelm III. in liebster Ehrfurcht zugeeignet von Ludwig van Beethoven" <br />
<br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above) and in what language the original title should be.<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Ex. "Dem Grafen Ferdinand von Waldstein gewidmet". Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page.<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
For a lot of (especially older) vocal music ''(and instrumental music based on vocal music, e.g. chorale preludes)'', there is no explicit title. Instead the title is (a part of) the first line in the lyrics.<br /><br />
Try to find the most common length of the quote, if it is not available in the score.<br /> <br />
<br />
{{note}} Do not put quotation marks around quotes.<br /> <br />
<br />
Titles made from quotes is treated like any other titled work in MusicBrainz; nothing else is allowed in the title field except part numbers and one catalogue number.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
*Vor deinen Thron tret' ich, BWV 668<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Translations===<br />
Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br /><br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key. Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as an alias.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831 ''by J.S. Bach''<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven''<br />
*10 Märsche, um den Sieg zu verfehlen ''by Mauricio Kagel''<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". When a vocal work has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see [[#Quotes| quotes]] above.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
What to append to the basic form (if anything) depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) if it is not '''how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
<br />
E.g. a prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor"), while a prelude from an instrumental suite is simply the "prelude from the G-major suite". You would never add anything to the form in the latter case (in a suite, multiple works in the same form usually have numbers after the form, e.g. Menuet I, Menuet II).<br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]] ''from Ouverture g-Moll by J.S Bach''<br />
<br />
<br />
====Untitled stage music====<br />
Most stage music works have titles, but there are some common untitled works: overtures, acts, parts and (in ballets) scenes (can also be titled).<br/ ><br />
Establishing the original language is the only formatting that can be done with these works. Normally, no other information should be added. E.g. overtures are identified as "the overture from opera X" and so on.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br /><br />
<br />
The title field should use the original instrumentation, e.g. "pianoforte". Aliases can have "modern" instruments.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
*Adagio for Strings ''by S. Barber''<br />
<br />
===Form/instrumentation order number===<br />
If a composer has written multiple works of the same form and instrumentation, they often get numbered chronologically. The order number goes after the instrumentation. Formatting is language-dependent.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:aacb1ab0-c740-436a-a782-ed60026cf82b|Symfonie č. 9 e moll]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
Keys in untitled works should be standardized into "modern" formatting including tonality (major/minor) where applicable. See the respective CSG-language pages for details.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll]] ''by J.S Bach''<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into two major different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or when there is a short introduction in another (slower) tempo than the main part of the work. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
Some parts of a multi-part work can have a form/type (e.g. Finale, Scherzo), while other parts are untitled, and has the character/tempo as title (e.g. Allegro). In that case, choose form/type instead of character. Do not mix form with character in the title field. The character can be entered as a search hint alias.<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Allegro ma non troppo, un poco maestoso ''by Beethoven (from the 9th symphony)''<br />
*I. Allegro molto ed appassionato ''by E. Grieg (from Violin Sonata no. 3)''<br />
*I. Largo e maestoso - Allegro non troppo ''from "Scheherazade" by Rimsky-Korsakov''<br />
<br />
<br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
{{note}} Expand shorthand notation, e.g. "Allo." to "Allegro".<br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
*You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
*Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Part numbers| Part numbers] above.<br />
*Part numbers should be in the format the composer used (previously part numbers had to be Roman Numerals)<br />
*Let nicknames get separate aliases, do not add a nickname to another title.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64379User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-09-06T08:34:11Z<p>Symphonick: /* Score overview */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
#Try to establish the original title in the original language and use this in the title field.<br />
#All other titles should be in aliases.<br />
#One catalogue number can be added to the title field, but no other information, except for 4)<br />
#See untitled works when there is no explicit title or any lyrics to quote.<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field should only contain the title given by the composer, in the language the work was originally written. This is not necessarily the composer's preferred language, also consider if the work was written with a specific performance or audience (country) in mind. See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details.<br /><br />
One [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]] can be added to this title ''(as a workaround until catalogues can have specific fields)''.<br /><br />
[[#Untitled work|Untitled works]], where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
It is recommended to use printed scores as sources for titles. For example [http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, often early editions and autographs (common places for an original title to be found).''<br /><br />
If that is not available, just <u>use the best source you can find</u>. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
===Titled works variants===<br />
*Title<br />
*Title, [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]<br />
*[[#Part numbers| Part number]]. Title<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:d2fbf91c-f3a6-4667-a892-56d615f56e23|Jeu de cartes]] ''by Stravinskij''<br />
<br />
*[[Work:426b7e1c-68e7-42cf-9cae-4ba34feddf67|The Messiah, HWV 56]] ''by G.F. Händel''<br />
*(part number example goes here)<br />
<br />
===Score overview===<br />
In the score the title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface (see below). But in some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title printed in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
''Note that this is just one example of how a score could look like.''<br />
<br />
===Catalogue numbers===<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
Exact formatting depends on the specific catalogue, e.g. certain catalogues have a dot before the number etc.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Winterreise, D 911 ''by F. Schubert''<br />
*Falstaff, op. 68 ''by E. Elgar''<br />
*Missa in Angustiis, Hob. XXII:11 ''by J. Haydn''<br />
*Die Zauberflöte, K. 620 ''by W.A. Mozart''<br />
<br />
====Part works catalogue====<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
====Part ordering====<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
===Other titles===<br />
Titles not by the composer should be in separate aliases. This includes:<br />
* "Modern" titles, when the original title by the composer is rarely used<br />
* Nicknames, such as "Moonlight Sonata" ''(more common with untitled works)''<br />
* Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio". Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br />
* Works that have both a title by the composer and a generic version of the title (that can contain ordering numbers not in the original title)<br />
<br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard title for your specific language. More titles can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
Using the disambiguation field, can be problematic since these titles are often local, while the disambiguation field is global. E.g. a French nickname is usually translated, if it exists at all in English.<br/ ><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ''by Bach/Gounod'' '''alias''' ''(all languages)'': Ave Maria <br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ''by J.S. Bach'' '''German alias:''' Matthäus-Passion <br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]] ''by D. Schostakovich'', '''English alias:''' Moscow, Cheryomushki, Op. 105<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 1 ''by Beethoven'' '''English alias:''' Piano Sonata No. 13 in Eb-flat major, Op. 27 No. 1<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven'' '''English search hint alias:''' Moonlight Sonata<br />
* [[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]] ''by W.A. Mozart'' '''English search hint alias:''' Elvira Madigan<br />
* [[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]] ''by S. Rachmaninoff'' '''English search hint alias:''' Vespers<br />
<br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br /><br />
<br />
==Other information from the score==<br />
The information from the categories below should not be added to the title field for titled works (use the annotation if necessary), but can be useful when dealing with untitled works.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation===<br />
Ex. "for flute and piano", "for strings" etc.<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character===<br />
Ex. allegro, moderato, slow.<br />
<br />
===Key / Modus===<br />
Ex. "G-Dur", "en Si bemol", "A-flat major" etc. See the CSG-language pages for details. <br />
<br />
==="Subtitle"===<br />
The subtitle line(s) in the score and on the title page can contain a variety of information related to the music. Usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, but pretty much anything can be added here by the composer or by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (J.S. Bach: Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
*mit Schluss-Chor über Schillers Ode: "An die Freude" für grosses Orchester, 4 Solo- und 4 Chor-Stimmen, componirt und seiner Majestaet dem König von Preussen Friedrich Wilhelm III. in liebster Ehrfurcht zugeeignet von Ludwig van Beethoven" <br />
<br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above) and in what language the original title should be.<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Ex. "Dem Grafen Ferdinand von Waldstein gewidmet". Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page.<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
For a lot of (especially older) vocal music ''(and instrumental music based on vocal music, e.g. chorale preludes)'', there is no explicit title. Instead the title is (a part of) the first line in the lyrics.<br /><br />
Try to find the most common length of the quote, if it is not available in the score.<br /> <br />
<br />
{{note}} Do not put quotation marks around quotes.<br /> <br />
<br />
Titles made from quotes is treated like any other titled work in MusicBrainz; nothing else is allowed in the title field except part numbers and one catalogue number.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
*Vor deinen Thron tret' ich, BWV 668<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Translations===<br />
Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br /><br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key. Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as an alias.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831 ''by J.S. Bach''<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven''<br />
*10 Märsche, um den Sieg zu verfehlen ''by Mauricio Kagel''<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". When a vocal work has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see [[#Quotes| quotes]] above.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
What to append to the basic form (if anything) depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) if it is not '''how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
<br />
E.g. a prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor"), while a prelude from an instrumental suite is simply the "prelude from the G-major suite". You would never add anything to the form in the latter case (in a suite, multiple works in the same form usually have numbers after the form, e.g. Menuet I, Menuet II).<br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]] ''from Ouverture g-Moll by J.S Bach''<br />
<br />
<br />
====Untitled stage music====<br />
Most stage music works have titles, but there are some common untitled works: overtures, acts, parts and (in ballets) scenes (can also be titled).<br/ ><br />
Establishing the original language is the only formatting that can be done with these works. Normally, no other information should be added. E.g. overtures are identified as "the overture from opera X" and so on.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br /><br />
<br />
The title field should use the original instrumentation, e.g. "pianoforte". Aliases can have "modern" instruments.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
*Adagio for Strings ''by S. Barber''<br />
<br />
===Form/instrumentation order number===<br />
If a composer has written multiple works of the same form and instrumentation, they often get numbered chronologically. The order number goes after the instrumentation. Formatting is language-dependent.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:aacb1ab0-c740-436a-a782-ed60026cf82b|Symfonie č. 9 e moll]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
Keys in untitled works should be standardized into "modern" formatting including tonality (major/minor) where applicable. See the respective CSG-language pages for details.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll]] ''by J.S Bach''<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into two major different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or when there is a short introduction in another (slower) tempo than the main part of the work. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
Some parts of a multi-part work can have a form/type (e.g. Finale, Scherzo), while other parts are untitled, and has the character/tempo as title (e.g. Allegro). In that case, choose form/type instead of character. Do not mix form with character in the title field. The character can be entered as a search hint alias.<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Allegro ma non troppo, un poco maestoso ''by Beethoven (from the 9th symphony)''<br />
*I. Allegro molto ed appassionato ''by E. Grieg (from Violin Sonata no. 3)''<br />
*I. Largo e maestoso - Allegro non troppo ''from "Scheherazade" by Rimsky-Korsakov''<br />
<br />
<br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
{{note}} Expand shorthand notation, e.g. "Allo." to "Allegro".<br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
*You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
*Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Part numbers| Part numbers] above.<br />
*Part numbers should be in the format the composer used (previously part numbers had to be Roman Numerals)<br />
*Let nicknames get separate aliases, do not add a nickname to another title.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64373User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-09-05T10:40:21Z<p>Symphonick: /* Quotes */ +example</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
#Try to establish the original title in the original language and use this in the title field.<br />
#All other titles should be in aliases.<br />
#One catalogue number can be added to the title field, but no other information, except for 4)<br />
#See untitled works when there is no explicit title or any lyrics to quote.<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field should only contain the title given by the composer, in the language the work was originally written. This is not necessarily the composer's preferred language, also consider if the work was written with a specific performance or audience (country) in mind. See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details.<br /><br />
One [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]] can be added to this title ''(as a workaround until catalogues can have specific fields)''.<br /><br />
[[#Untitled work|Untitled works]], where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
It is recommended to use printed scores as sources for titles. For example [http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, often early editions and autographs (common places for an original title to be found).''<br /><br />
If that is not available, just <u>use the best source you can find</u>. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
===Titled works variants===<br />
*Title<br />
*Title, [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]<br />
*[[#Part numbers| Part number]]. Title<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:d2fbf91c-f3a6-4667-a892-56d615f56e23|Jeu de cartes]] ''by Stravinskij''<br />
<br />
*[[Work:426b7e1c-68e7-42cf-9cae-4ba34feddf67|The Messiah, HWV 56]] ''by G.F. Händel''<br />
*(part number example goes here)<br />
<br />
===Score overview===<br />
In the score the title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface (see [[#Overview| overview]] below. But in some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title printed in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
''Note that this is just one example of how a score could look like.''<br />
<br />
===Catalogue numbers===<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
Exact formatting depends on the specific catalogue, e.g. certain catalogues have a dot before the number etc.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Winterreise, D 911 ''by F. Schubert''<br />
*Falstaff, op. 68 ''by E. Elgar''<br />
*Missa in Angustiis, Hob. XXII:11 ''by J. Haydn''<br />
*Die Zauberflöte, K. 620 ''by W.A. Mozart''<br />
<br />
====Part works catalogue====<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
====Part ordering====<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
===Other titles===<br />
Titles not by the composer should be in separate aliases. This includes:<br />
* "Modern" titles, when the original title by the composer is rarely used<br />
* Nicknames, such as "Moonlight Sonata" ''(more common with untitled works)''<br />
* Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio". Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br />
* Works that have both a title by the composer and a generic version of the title (that can contain ordering numbers not in the original title)<br />
<br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard title for your specific language. More titles can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
Using the disambiguation field, can be problematic since these titles are often local, while the disambiguation field is global. E.g. a French nickname is usually translated, if it exists at all in English.<br/ ><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ''by Bach/Gounod'' '''alias''' ''(all languages)'': Ave Maria <br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ''by J.S. Bach'' '''German alias:''' Matthäus-Passion <br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]] ''by D. Schostakovich'', '''English alias:''' Moscow, Cheryomushki, Op. 105<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 1 ''by Beethoven'' '''English alias:''' Piano Sonata No. 13 in Eb-flat major, Op. 27 No. 1<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven'' '''English search hint alias:''' Moonlight Sonata<br />
* [[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]] ''by W.A. Mozart'' '''English search hint alias:''' Elvira Madigan<br />
* [[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]] ''by S. Rachmaninoff'' '''English search hint alias:''' Vespers<br />
<br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br /><br />
<br />
==Other information from the score==<br />
The information from the categories below should not be added to the title field for titled works (use the annotation if necessary), but can be useful when dealing with untitled works.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation===<br />
Ex. "for flute and piano", "for strings" etc.<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character===<br />
Ex. allegro, moderato, slow.<br />
<br />
===Key / Modus===<br />
Ex. "G-Dur", "en Si bemol", "A-flat major" etc. See the CSG-language pages for details. <br />
<br />
==="Subtitle"===<br />
The subtitle line(s) in the score and on the title page can contain a variety of information related to the music. Usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, but pretty much anything can be added here by the composer or by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (J.S. Bach: Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
*mit Schluss-Chor über Schillers Ode: "An die Freude" für grosses Orchester, 4 Solo- und 4 Chor-Stimmen, componirt und seiner Majestaet dem König von Preussen Friedrich Wilhelm III. in liebster Ehrfurcht zugeeignet von Ludwig van Beethoven" <br />
<br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above) and in what language the original title should be.<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Ex. "Dem Grafen Ferdinand von Waldstein gewidmet". Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page.<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
For a lot of (especially older) vocal music ''(and instrumental music based on vocal music, e.g. chorale preludes)'', there is no explicit title. Instead the title is (a part of) the first line in the lyrics.<br /><br />
Try to find the most common length of the quote, if it is not available in the score.<br /> <br />
<br />
{{note}} Do not put quotation marks around quotes.<br /> <br />
<br />
Titles made from quotes is treated like any other titled work in MusicBrainz; nothing else is allowed in the title field except part numbers and one catalogue number.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
*Vor deinen Thron tret' ich, BWV 668<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Translations===<br />
Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br /><br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key. Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as an alias.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831 ''by J.S. Bach''<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven''<br />
*10 Märsche, um den Sieg zu verfehlen ''by Mauricio Kagel''<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". When a vocal work has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see [[#Quotes| quotes]] above.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
What to append to the basic form (if anything) depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) if it is not '''how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
<br />
E.g. a prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor"), while a prelude from an instrumental suite is simply the "prelude from the G-major suite". You would never add anything to the form in the latter case (in a suite, multiple works in the same form usually have numbers after the form, e.g. Menuet I, Menuet II).<br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]] ''from Ouverture g-Moll by J.S Bach''<br />
<br />
<br />
====Untitled stage music====<br />
Most stage music works have titles, but there are some common untitled works: overtures, acts, parts and (in ballets) scenes (can also be titled).<br/ ><br />
Establishing the original language is the only formatting that can be done with these works. Normally, no other information should be added. E.g. overtures are identified as "the overture from opera X" and so on.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br /><br />
<br />
The title field should use the original instrumentation, e.g. "pianoforte". Aliases can have "modern" instruments.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
*Adagio for Strings ''by S. Barber''<br />
<br />
===Form/instrumentation order number===<br />
If a composer has written multiple works of the same form and instrumentation, they often get numbered chronologically. The order number goes after the instrumentation. Formatting is language-dependent.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:aacb1ab0-c740-436a-a782-ed60026cf82b|Symfonie č. 9 e moll]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
Keys in untitled works should be standardized into "modern" formatting including tonality (major/minor) where applicable. See the respective CSG-language pages for details.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll]] ''by J.S Bach''<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into two major different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or when there is a short introduction in another (slower) tempo than the main part of the work. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
Some parts of a multi-part work can have a form/type (e.g. Finale, Scherzo), while other parts are untitled, and has the character/tempo as title (e.g. Allegro). In that case, choose form/type instead of character. Do not mix form with character in the title field. The character can be entered as a search hint alias.<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Allegro ma non troppo, un poco maestoso ''by Beethoven (from the 9th symphony)''<br />
*I. Allegro molto ed appassionato ''by E. Grieg (from Violin Sonata no. 3)''<br />
*I. Largo e maestoso - Allegro non troppo ''from "Scheherazade" by Rimsky-Korsakov''<br />
<br />
<br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
{{note}} Expand shorthand notation, e.g. "Allo." to "Allegro".<br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
*You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
*Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Part numbers| Part numbers] above.<br />
*Part numbers should be in the format the composer used (previously part numbers had to be Roman Numerals)<br />
*Let nicknames get separate aliases, do not add a nickname to another title.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64337User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-31T10:00:22Z<p>Symphonick: /* Tempo / character for untitled works */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
#Try to establish the original title in the original language and use this in the title field.<br />
#All other titles should be in aliases.<br />
#One catalogue number can be added to the title field, but no other information, except for 4)<br />
#See untitled works when there is no explicit title or any lyrics to quote.<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field should only contain the title given by the composer, in the language the work was originally written. This is not necessarily the composer's preferred language, also consider if the work was written with a specific performance or audience (country) in mind. See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details.<br /><br />
One [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]] can be added to this title ''(as a workaround until catalogues can have specific fields)''.<br /><br />
[[#Untitled work|Untitled works]], where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
It is recommended to use printed scores as sources for titles. For example [http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, often early editions and autographs (common places for an original title to be found).''<br /><br />
If that is not available, just <u>use the best source you can find</u>. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
===Titled works variants===<br />
*Title<br />
*Title, [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]<br />
*[[#Part numbers| Part number]]. Title<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:d2fbf91c-f3a6-4667-a892-56d615f56e23|Jeu de cartes]] ''by Stravinskij''<br />
<br />
*[[Work:426b7e1c-68e7-42cf-9cae-4ba34feddf67|The Messiah, HWV 56]] ''by G.F. Händel''<br />
*(part number example goes here)<br />
<br />
===Score overview===<br />
In the score the title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface (see [[#Overview| overview]] below. But in some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title printed in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
''Note that this is just one example of how a score could look like.''<br />
<br />
===Catalogue numbers===<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
Exact formatting depends on the specific catalogue, e.g. certain catalogues have a dot before the number etc.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Winterreise, D 911 ''by F. Schubert''<br />
*Falstaff, op. 68 ''by E. Elgar''<br />
*Missa in Angustiis, Hob. XXII:11 ''by J. Haydn''<br />
*Die Zauberflöte, K. 620 ''by W.A. Mozart''<br />
<br />
====Part works catalogue====<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
====Part ordering====<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
===Other titles===<br />
Titles not by the composer should be in separate aliases. This includes:<br />
* "Modern" titles, when the original title by the composer is rarely used<br />
* Nicknames, such as "Moonlight Sonata" ''(more common with untitled works)''<br />
* Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio". Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br />
* Works that have both a title by the composer and a generic version of the title (that can contain ordering numbers not in the original title)<br />
<br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard title for your specific language. More titles can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
Using the disambiguation field, can be problematic since these titles are often local, while the disambiguation field is global. E.g. a French nickname is usually translated, if it exists at all in English.<br/ ><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ''by Bach/Gounod'' '''alias''' ''(all languages)'': Ave Maria <br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ''by J.S. Bach'' '''German alias:''' Matthäus-Passion <br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]] ''by D. Schostakovich'', '''English alias:''' Moscow, Cheryomushki, Op. 105<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 1 ''by Beethoven'' '''English alias:''' Piano Sonata No. 13 in Eb-flat major, Op. 27 No. 1<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven'' '''English search hint alias:''' Moonlight Sonata<br />
* [[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]] ''by W.A. Mozart'' '''English search hint alias:''' Elvira Madigan<br />
* [[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]] ''by S. Rachmaninoff'' '''English search hint alias:''' Vespers<br />
<br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br /><br />
<br />
==Other information from the score==<br />
The information from the categories below should not be added to the title field for titled works (use the annotation if necessary), but can be useful when dealing with untitled works.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation===<br />
Ex. "for flute and piano", "for strings" etc.<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character===<br />
Ex. allegro, moderato, slow.<br />
<br />
===Key / Modus===<br />
Ex. "G-Dur", "en Si bemol", "A-flat major" etc. See the CSG-language pages for details. <br />
<br />
==="Subtitle"===<br />
The subtitle line(s) in the score and on the title page can contain a variety of information related to the music. Usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, but pretty much anything can be added here by the composer or by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (J.S. Bach: Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
*mit Schluss-Chor über Schillers Ode: "An die Freude" für grosses Orchester, 4 Solo- und 4 Chor-Stimmen, componirt und seiner Majestaet dem König von Preussen Friedrich Wilhelm III. in liebster Ehrfurcht zugeeignet von Ludwig van Beethoven" <br />
<br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above) and in what language the original title should be.<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Ex. "Dem Grafen Ferdinand von Waldstein gewidmet". Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page.<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
For a lot of (especially older) vocal music ''(and instrumental music based on vocal music, e.g. chorale preludes)'', there is no explicit title. Instead the title is (a part of) the first line in the lyrics.<br /><br />
Try to find the most common length of the quote, if it is not available in the score.<br /> <br />
<br />
{{note}} Do not put quotation marks around quotes.<br /> <br />
<br />
Titles made from quotes is treated like any other titled work in MusicBrainz; nothing else is allowed in the title field except part numbers and one catalogue number.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Translations===<br />
Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br /><br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key. Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as an alias.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831 ''by J.S. Bach''<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven''<br />
*10 Märsche, um den Sieg zu verfehlen ''by Mauricio Kagel''<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". When a vocal work has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see [[#Quotes| quotes]] above.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
What to append to the basic form (if anything) depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) if it is not '''how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
<br />
E.g. a prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor"), while a prelude from an instrumental suite is simply the "prelude from the G-major suite". You would never add anything to the form in the latter case (in a suite, multiple works in the same form usually have numbers after the form, e.g. Menuet I, Menuet II).<br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]] ''from Ouverture g-Moll by J.S Bach''<br />
<br />
<br />
====Untitled stage music====<br />
Most stage music works have titles, but there are some common untitled works: overtures, acts, parts and (in ballets) scenes (can also be titled).<br/ ><br />
Establishing the original language is the only formatting that can be done with these works. Normally, no other information should be added. E.g. overtures are identified as "the overture from opera X" and so on.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br /><br />
<br />
The title field should use the original instrumentation, e.g. "pianoforte". Aliases can have "modern" instruments.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
*Adagio for Strings ''by S. Barber''<br />
<br />
===Form/instrumentation order number===<br />
If a composer has written multiple works of the same form and instrumentation, they often get numbered chronologically. The order number goes after the instrumentation. Formatting is language-dependent.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:aacb1ab0-c740-436a-a782-ed60026cf82b|Symfonie č. 9 e moll]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
Keys in untitled works should be standardized into "modern" formatting including tonality (major/minor) where applicable. See the respective CSG-language pages for details.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll]] ''by J.S Bach''<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into two major different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or when there is a short introduction in another (slower) tempo than the main part of the work. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
Some parts of a multi-part work can have a form/type (e.g. Finale, Scherzo), while other parts are untitled, and has the character/tempo as title (e.g. Allegro). In that case, choose form/type instead of character. Do not mix form with character in the title field. The character can be entered as a search hint alias.<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Allegro ma non troppo, un poco maestoso ''by Beethoven (from the 9th symphony)''<br />
*I. Allegro molto ed appassionato ''by E. Grieg (from Violin Sonata no. 3)''<br />
*I. Largo e maestoso - Allegro non troppo ''from "Scheherazade" by Rimsky-Korsakov''<br />
<br />
<br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
{{note}} Expand shorthand notation, e.g. "Allo." to "Allegro".<br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
*You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
*Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Part numbers| Part numbers] above.<br />
*Part numbers should be in the format the composer used (previously part numbers had to be Roman Numerals)<br />
*Let nicknames get separate aliases, do not add a nickname to another title.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64336User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-31T09:18:10Z<p>Symphonick: /* Untitled vocal works */ quotes mess</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
#Try to establish the original title in the original language and use this in the title field.<br />
#All other titles should be in aliases.<br />
#One catalogue number can be added to the title field, but no other information, except for 4)<br />
#See untitled works when there is no explicit title or any lyrics to quote.<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field should only contain the title given by the composer, in the language the work was originally written. This is not necessarily the composer's preferred language, also consider if the work was written with a specific performance or audience (country) in mind. See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details.<br /><br />
One [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]] can be added to this title ''(as a workaround until catalogues can have specific fields)''.<br /><br />
[[#Untitled work|Untitled works]], where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
It is recommended to use printed scores as sources for titles. For example [http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, often early editions and autographs (common places for an original title to be found).''<br /><br />
If that is not available, just <u>use the best source you can find</u>. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
===Titled works variants===<br />
*Title<br />
*Title, [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]<br />
*[[#Part numbers| Part number]]. Title<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:d2fbf91c-f3a6-4667-a892-56d615f56e23|Jeu de cartes]] ''by Stravinskij''<br />
<br />
*[[Work:426b7e1c-68e7-42cf-9cae-4ba34feddf67|The Messiah, HWV 56]] ''by G.F. Händel''<br />
*(part number example goes here)<br />
<br />
===Score overview===<br />
In the score the title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface (see [[#Overview| overview]] below. But in some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title printed in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
''Note that this is just one example of how a score could look like.''<br />
<br />
===Catalogue numbers===<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
Exact formatting depends on the specific catalogue, e.g. certain catalogues have a dot before the number etc.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Winterreise, D 911 ''by F. Schubert''<br />
*Falstaff, op. 68 ''by E. Elgar''<br />
*Missa in Angustiis, Hob. XXII:11 ''by J. Haydn''<br />
*Die Zauberflöte, K. 620 ''by W.A. Mozart''<br />
<br />
====Part works catalogue====<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
====Part ordering====<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
===Other titles===<br />
Titles not by the composer should be in separate aliases. This includes:<br />
* "Modern" titles, when the original title by the composer is rarely used<br />
* Nicknames, such as "Moonlight Sonata" ''(more common with untitled works)''<br />
* Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio". Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br />
* Works that have both a title by the composer and a generic version of the title (that can contain ordering numbers not in the original title)<br />
<br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard title for your specific language. More titles can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
Using the disambiguation field, can be problematic since these titles are often local, while the disambiguation field is global. E.g. a French nickname is usually translated, if it exists at all in English.<br/ ><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ''by Bach/Gounod'' '''alias''' ''(all languages)'': Ave Maria <br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ''by J.S. Bach'' '''German alias:''' Matthäus-Passion <br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]] ''by D. Schostakovich'', '''English alias:''' Moscow, Cheryomushki, Op. 105<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 1 ''by Beethoven'' '''English alias:''' Piano Sonata No. 13 in Eb-flat major, Op. 27 No. 1<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven'' '''English search hint alias:''' Moonlight Sonata<br />
* [[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]] ''by W.A. Mozart'' '''English search hint alias:''' Elvira Madigan<br />
* [[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]] ''by S. Rachmaninoff'' '''English search hint alias:''' Vespers<br />
<br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br /><br />
<br />
==Other information from the score==<br />
The information from the categories below should not be added to the title field for titled works (use the annotation if necessary), but can be useful when dealing with untitled works.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation===<br />
Ex. "for flute and piano", "for strings" etc.<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character===<br />
Ex. allegro, moderato, slow.<br />
<br />
===Key / Modus===<br />
Ex. "G-Dur", "en Si bemol", "A-flat major" etc. See the CSG-language pages for details. <br />
<br />
==="Subtitle"===<br />
The subtitle line(s) in the score and on the title page can contain a variety of information related to the music. Usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, but pretty much anything can be added here by the composer or by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (J.S. Bach: Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
*mit Schluss-Chor über Schillers Ode: "An die Freude" für grosses Orchester, 4 Solo- und 4 Chor-Stimmen, componirt und seiner Majestaet dem König von Preussen Friedrich Wilhelm III. in liebster Ehrfurcht zugeeignet von Ludwig van Beethoven" <br />
<br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above) and in what language the original title should be.<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Ex. "Dem Grafen Ferdinand von Waldstein gewidmet". Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page.<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
For a lot of (especially older) vocal music ''(and instrumental music based on vocal music, e.g. chorale preludes)'', there is no explicit title. Instead the title is (a part of) the first line in the lyrics.<br /><br />
Try to find the most common length of the quote, if it is not available in the score.<br /> <br />
<br />
{{note}} Do not put quotation marks around quotes.<br /> <br />
<br />
Titles made from quotes is treated like any other titled work in MusicBrainz; nothing else is allowed in the title field except part numbers and one catalogue number.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Translations===<br />
Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br /><br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key. Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as an alias.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831 ''by J.S. Bach''<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven''<br />
*10 Märsche, um den Sieg zu verfehlen ''by Mauricio Kagel''<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". When a vocal work has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see [[#Quotes| quotes]] above.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
What to append to the basic form (if anything) depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) if it is not '''how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
<br />
E.g. a prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor"), while a prelude from an instrumental suite is simply the "prelude from the G-major suite". You would never add anything to the form in the latter case (in a suite, multiple works in the same form usually have numbers after the form, e.g. Menuet I, Menuet II).<br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]] ''from Ouverture g-Moll by J.S Bach''<br />
<br />
<br />
====Untitled stage music====<br />
Most stage music works have titles, but there are some common untitled works: overtures, acts, parts and (in ballets) scenes (can also be titled).<br/ ><br />
Establishing the original language is the only formatting that can be done with these works. Normally, no other information should be added. E.g. overtures are identified as "the overture from opera X" and so on.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br /><br />
<br />
The title field should use the original instrumentation, e.g. "pianoforte". Aliases can have "modern" instruments.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
*Adagio for Strings ''by S. Barber''<br />
<br />
===Form/instrumentation order number===<br />
If a composer has written multiple works of the same form and instrumentation, they often get numbered chronologically. The order number goes after the instrumentation. Formatting is language-dependent.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:aacb1ab0-c740-436a-a782-ed60026cf82b|Symfonie č. 9 e moll]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
Keys in untitled works should be standardized into "modern" formatting including tonality (major/minor) where applicable. See the respective CSG-language pages for details.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll]] ''by J.S Bach''<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
Some parts of a multi-part work can have a form/type (e.g. Finale, Scherzo), while other parts are untitled, and has the character/tempo as title (e.g. Allegro). In that case, choose form/type instead of character. Do not mix form with character in the title field. The character can be entered as a search hint alias.<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Allegro ma non troppo, un poco maestoso ''by Beethoven (from the 9th symphony)''<br />
*I. Allegro molto ed appassionato ''by E. Grieg (from Violin Sonata no. 3)''<br />
<br />
<br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
{{note}} Expand shorthand notation, e.g. "Allo." to "Allegro".<br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
*You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
*Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Part numbers| Part numbers] above.<br />
*Part numbers should be in the format the composer used (previously part numbers had to be Roman Numerals)<br />
*Let nicknames get separate aliases, do not add a nickname to another title.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64313User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-28T18:06:51Z<p>Symphonick: /* Other information from the score */ more about subtitles</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
#Try to establish the original title in the original language and use this in the title field.<br />
#All other titles should be in aliases.<br />
#One catalogue number can be added to the title field, but no other information, except for 4)<br />
#See untitled works when there is no explicit title or any lyrics to quote.<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field should only contain the title given by the composer, in the language the work was originally written. This is not necessarily the composer's preferred language, also consider if the work was written with a specific performance or audience (country) in mind. See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details.<br /><br />
One [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]] can be added to this title ''(as a workaround until catalogues can have specific fields)''.<br /><br />
[[#Untitled work|Untitled works]], where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
It is recommended to use printed scores as sources for titles. For example [http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, often early editions and autographs (common places for an original title to be found).''<br /><br />
If that is not available, just <u>use the best source you can find</u>. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
===Titled works variants===<br />
*Title<br />
*Title, [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]<br />
*[[#Part numbers| Part number]]. Title<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:d2fbf91c-f3a6-4667-a892-56d615f56e23|Jeu de cartes]] ''by Stravinskij''<br />
<br />
*[[Work:426b7e1c-68e7-42cf-9cae-4ba34feddf67|The Messiah, HWV 56]] ''by G.F. Händel''<br />
*(part number example goes here)<br />
<br />
===Score overview===<br />
In the score the title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface (see [[#Overview| overview]] below. But in some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title printed in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
''Note that this is just one example of how a score could look like.''<br />
<br />
===Catalogue numbers===<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
Exact formatting depends on the specific catalogue, e.g. certain catalogues have a dot before the number etc.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Winterreise, D 911 ''by F. Schubert''<br />
*Falstaff, op. 68 ''by E. Elgar''<br />
*Missa in Angustiis, Hob. XXII:11 ''by J. Haydn''<br />
*Die Zauberflöte, K. 620 ''by W.A. Mozart''<br />
<br />
====Part works catalogue====<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
====Part ordering====<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
===Other titles===<br />
Titles not by the composer should be in separate aliases. This includes:<br />
* "Modern" titles, when the original title by the composer is rarely used<br />
* Nicknames, such as "Moonlight Sonata" ''(more common with untitled works)''<br />
* Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio". Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br />
* Works that have both a title by the composer and a generic version of the title (that can contain ordering numbers not in the original title)<br />
<br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard title for your specific language. More titles can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
Using the disambiguation field, can be problematic since these titles are often local, while the disambiguation field is global. E.g. a French nickname is usually translated, if it exists at all in English.<br/ ><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ''by Bach/Gounod'' '''alias''' ''(all languages)'': Ave Maria <br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ''by J.S. Bach'' '''German alias:''' Matthäus-Passion <br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]] ''by D. Schostakovich'', '''English alias:''' Moscow, Cheryomushki, Op. 105<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 1 ''by Beethoven'' '''English alias:''' Piano Sonata No. 13 in Eb-flat major, Op. 27 No. 1<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven'' '''English search hint alias:''' Moonlight Sonata<br />
* [[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]] ''by W.A. Mozart'' '''English search hint alias:''' Elvira Madigan<br />
* [[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]] ''by S. Rachmaninoff'' '''English search hint alias:''' Vespers<br />
<br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br /><br />
<br />
==Other information from the score==<br />
The information from the categories below should not be added to the title field for titled works (use the annotation if necessary), but can be useful when dealing with untitled works.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation===<br />
Ex. "for flute and piano", "for strings" etc.<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character===<br />
Ex. allegro, moderato, slow.<br />
<br />
===Key / Modus===<br />
Ex. "G-Dur", "en Si bemol", "A-flat major" etc. See the CSG-language pages for details. <br />
<br />
==="Subtitle"===<br />
The subtitle line(s) in the score and on the title page can contain a variety of information related to the music. Usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, but pretty much anything can be added here by the composer or by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (J.S. Bach: Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
*mit Schluss-Chor über Schillers Ode: "An die Freude" für grosses Orchester, 4 Solo- und 4 Chor-Stimmen, componirt und seiner Majestaet dem König von Preussen Friedrich Wilhelm III. in liebster Ehrfurcht zugeeignet von Ludwig van Beethoven" <br />
<br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above) and in what language the original title should be.<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Ex. "Dem Grafen Ferdinand von Waldstein gewidmet". Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page.<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
For a lot of (especially older) vocal music ''(and instrumental music based on vocal music, e.g. chorale preludes)'', there is no explicit title. Instead the title is (a part of) the first line in the lyrics.<br /><br />
Try to find the most common length of the quote, if it is not available in the score.<br /> <br />
<br />
{{note}} Do not put quotation marks around quotes.<br /> <br />
<br />
Titles made from quotes is treated like any other titled work in MusicBrainz; nothing else is allowed in the title field except part numbers and one catalogue number.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Translations===<br />
Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br /><br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key. Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as an alias.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831 ''by J.S. Bach''<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven''<br />
*10 Märsche, um den Sieg zu verfehlen ''by Mauricio Kagel''<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". Works with lyrics always have titles, see quotes above. If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
What to append to the basic form (if anything) depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) if it is not '''how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
<br />
E.g. a prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor"), while a prelude from an instrumental suite is simply the "prelude from the G-major suite". You would never add anything to the form in the latter case (in a suite, multiple works in the same form usually have numbers after the form, e.g. Menuet I, Menuet II).<br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]] ''from Ouverture g-Moll by J.S Bach''<br />
<br />
<br />
====Untitled stage music====<br />
Most stage music works have titles, but there are some common untitled works: overtures, acts, parts and (in ballets) scenes (can also be titled).<br/ ><br />
Establishing the original language is the only formatting that can be done with these works. Normally, no other information should be added. E.g. overtures are identified as "the overture from opera X" and so on.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br /><br />
<br />
The title field should use the original instrumentation, e.g. "pianoforte". Aliases can have "modern" instruments.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
*Adagio for Strings ''by S. Barber''<br />
<br />
===Form/instrumentation order number===<br />
If a composer has written multiple works of the same form and instrumentation, they often get numbered chronologically. The order number goes after the instrumentation. Formatting is language-dependent.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:aacb1ab0-c740-436a-a782-ed60026cf82b|Symfonie č. 9 e moll]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
Keys in untitled works should be standardized into "modern" formatting including tonality (major/minor) where applicable. See the respective CSG-language pages for details.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll]] ''by J.S Bach''<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
Some parts of a multi-part work can have a form/type (e.g. Finale, Scherzo), while other parts are untitled, and has the character/tempo as title (e.g. Allegro). In that case, choose form/type instead of character. Do not mix form with character in the title field. The character can be entered as a search hint alias.<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Allegro ma non troppo, un poco maestoso ''by Beethoven (from the 9th symphony)''<br />
*I. Allegro molto ed appassionato ''by E. Grieg (from Violin Sonata no. 3)''<br />
<br />
<br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
{{note}} Expand shorthand notation, e.g. "Allo." to "Allegro".<br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
*You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
*Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Part numbers| Part numbers] above.<br />
*Part numbers should be in the format the composer used (previously part numbers had to be Roman Numerals)<br />
*Let nicknames get separate aliases, do not add a nickname to another title.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64312User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-28T17:51:43Z<p>Symphonick: /* Other titles */ "separate aliases"</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
#Try to establish the original title in the original language and use this in the title field.<br />
#All other titles should be in aliases.<br />
#One catalogue number can be added to the title field, but no other information, except for 4)<br />
#See untitled works when there is no explicit title or any lyrics to quote.<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field should only contain the title given by the composer, in the language the work was originally written. This is not necessarily the composer's preferred language, also consider if the work was written with a specific performance or audience (country) in mind. See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details.<br /><br />
One [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]] can be added to this title ''(as a workaround until catalogues can have specific fields)''.<br /><br />
[[#Untitled work|Untitled works]], where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
It is recommended to use printed scores as sources for titles. For example [http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, often early editions and autographs (common places for an original title to be found).''<br /><br />
If that is not available, just <u>use the best source you can find</u>. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
===Titled works variants===<br />
*Title<br />
*Title, [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]<br />
*[[#Part numbers| Part number]]. Title<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:d2fbf91c-f3a6-4667-a892-56d615f56e23|Jeu de cartes]] ''by Stravinskij''<br />
<br />
*[[Work:426b7e1c-68e7-42cf-9cae-4ba34feddf67|The Messiah, HWV 56]] ''by G.F. Händel''<br />
*(part number example goes here)<br />
<br />
===Score overview===<br />
In the score the title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface (see [[#Overview| overview]] below. But in some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title printed in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
''Note that this is just one example of how a score could look like.''<br />
<br />
===Catalogue numbers===<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
Exact formatting depends on the specific catalogue, e.g. certain catalogues have a dot before the number etc.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Winterreise, D 911 ''by F. Schubert''<br />
*Falstaff, op. 68 ''by E. Elgar''<br />
*Missa in Angustiis, Hob. XXII:11 ''by J. Haydn''<br />
*Die Zauberflöte, K. 620 ''by W.A. Mozart''<br />
<br />
====Part works catalogue====<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
====Part ordering====<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
===Other titles===<br />
Titles not by the composer should be in separate aliases. This includes:<br />
* "Modern" titles, when the original title by the composer is rarely used<br />
* Nicknames, such as "Moonlight Sonata" ''(more common with untitled works)''<br />
* Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio". Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br />
* Works that have both a title by the composer and a generic version of the title (that can contain ordering numbers not in the original title)<br />
<br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard title for your specific language. More titles can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
Using the disambiguation field, can be problematic since these titles are often local, while the disambiguation field is global. E.g. a French nickname is usually translated, if it exists at all in English.<br/ ><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ''by Bach/Gounod'' '''alias''' ''(all languages)'': Ave Maria <br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ''by J.S. Bach'' '''German alias:''' Matthäus-Passion <br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]] ''by D. Schostakovich'', '''English alias:''' Moscow, Cheryomushki, Op. 105<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 1 ''by Beethoven'' '''English alias:''' Piano Sonata No. 13 in Eb-flat major, Op. 27 No. 1<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven'' '''English search hint alias:''' Moonlight Sonata<br />
* [[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]] ''by W.A. Mozart'' '''English search hint alias:''' Elvira Madigan<br />
* [[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]] ''by S. Rachmaninoff'' '''English search hint alias:''' Vespers<br />
<br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br /><br />
<br />
==Other information from the score==<br />
The information from the categories below should not be added to the title field for titled works (use the annotation if necessary), but can be useful when dealing with untitled works.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation===<br />
Ex. "for flute and piano", "for strings" etc.<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character===<br />
Ex. allegro, moderato, slow.<br />
<br />
===Key / Modus===<br />
Ex. "G-Dur", "en Si bemol", "A-flat major" etc. See the CSG-language pages for details. <br />
<br />
===Subtitle===<br />
The subtitle can contain a number of different things related to the music, usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Many times this line is added by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
<br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above) and in what language the original title should be.<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Ex. "Dem Grafen Ferdinand von Waldstein gewidmet". Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
For a lot of (especially older) vocal music ''(and instrumental music based on vocal music, e.g. chorale preludes)'', there is no explicit title. Instead the title is (a part of) the first line in the lyrics.<br /><br />
Try to find the most common length of the quote, if it is not available in the score.<br /> <br />
<br />
{{note}} Do not put quotation marks around quotes.<br /> <br />
<br />
Titles made from quotes is treated like any other titled work in MusicBrainz; nothing else is allowed in the title field except part numbers and one catalogue number.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Translations===<br />
Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br /><br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key. Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as an alias.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831 ''by J.S. Bach''<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven''<br />
*10 Märsche, um den Sieg zu verfehlen ''by Mauricio Kagel''<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". Works with lyrics always have titles, see quotes above. If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
What to append to the basic form (if anything) depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) if it is not '''how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
<br />
E.g. a prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor"), while a prelude from an instrumental suite is simply the "prelude from the G-major suite". You would never add anything to the form in the latter case (in a suite, multiple works in the same form usually have numbers after the form, e.g. Menuet I, Menuet II).<br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]] ''from Ouverture g-Moll by J.S Bach''<br />
<br />
<br />
====Untitled stage music====<br />
Most stage music works have titles, but there are some common untitled works: overtures, acts, parts and (in ballets) scenes (can also be titled).<br/ ><br />
Establishing the original language is the only formatting that can be done with these works. Normally, no other information should be added. E.g. overtures are identified as "the overture from opera X" and so on.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br /><br />
<br />
The title field should use the original instrumentation, e.g. "pianoforte". Aliases can have "modern" instruments.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
*Adagio for Strings ''by S. Barber''<br />
<br />
===Form/instrumentation order number===<br />
If a composer has written multiple works of the same form and instrumentation, they often get numbered chronologically. The order number goes after the instrumentation. Formatting is language-dependent.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:aacb1ab0-c740-436a-a782-ed60026cf82b|Symfonie č. 9 e moll]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
Keys in untitled works should be standardized into "modern" formatting including tonality (major/minor) where applicable. See the respective CSG-language pages for details.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll]] ''by J.S Bach''<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
Some parts of a multi-part work can have a form/type (e.g. Finale, Scherzo), while other parts are untitled, and has the character/tempo as title (e.g. Allegro). In that case, choose form/type instead of character. Do not mix form with character in the title field. The character can be entered as a search hint alias.<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Allegro ma non troppo, un poco maestoso ''by Beethoven (from the 9th symphony)''<br />
*I. Allegro molto ed appassionato ''by E. Grieg (from Violin Sonata no. 3)''<br />
<br />
<br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
{{note}} Expand shorthand notation, e.g. "Allo." to "Allegro".<br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
*You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
*Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Part numbers| Part numbers] above.<br />
*Part numbers should be in the format the composer used (previously part numbers had to be Roman Numerals)<br />
*Let nicknames get separate aliases, do not add a nickname to another title.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64232User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-22T09:55:12Z<p>Symphonick: /* Tempo / character for untitled works */ +example</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
#Try to establish the original title in the original language and use this in the title field.<br />
#All other titles should be in aliases.<br />
#One catalogue number can be added to the title field, but no other information, except for 4)<br />
#See untitled works when there is no explicit title or any lyrics to quote.<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field should only contain the title given by the composer, in the language the work was originally written. This is not necessarily the composer's preferred language, also consider if the work was written with a specific performance or audience (country) in mind. See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details.<br /><br />
One [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]] can be added to this title ''(as a workaround until catalogues can have specific fields)''.<br /><br />
[[#Untitled work|Untitled works]], where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
It is recommended to use printed scores as sources for titles. For example [http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, often early editions and autographs (common places for an original title to be found).''<br /><br />
If that is not available, just <u>use the best source you can find</u>. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
===Titled works variants===<br />
*Title<br />
*Title, [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]<br />
*[[#Part numbers| Part number]]. Title<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:d2fbf91c-f3a6-4667-a892-56d615f56e23|Jeu de cartes]] ''by Stravinskij''<br />
<br />
*[[Work:426b7e1c-68e7-42cf-9cae-4ba34feddf67|The Messiah, HWV 56]] ''by G.F. Händel''<br />
*(part number example goes here)<br />
<br />
===Score overview===<br />
In the score the title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface (see [[#Overview| overview]] below. But in some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title printed in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
''Note that this is just one example of how a score could look like.''<br />
<br />
===Catalogue numbers===<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
Exact formatting depends on the specific catalogue, e.g. certain catalogues have a dot before the number etc.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Winterreise, D 911 ''by F. Schubert''<br />
*Falstaff, op. 68 ''by E. Elgar''<br />
*Missa in Angustiis, Hob. XXII:11 ''by J. Haydn''<br />
*Die Zauberflöte, K. 620 ''by W.A. Mozart''<br />
<br />
====Part works catalogue====<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
====Part ordering====<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
===Other titles===<br />
Titles not by the composer should be in aliases. This includes:<br />
* "Modern" titles, when the original title by the composer is rarely used<br />
* Nicknames, such as "Moonlight Sonata" ''(more common with untitled works)''<br />
* Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio". Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br />
* Works that have both a title by the composer and a generic version of the title (that can contain ordering numbers not in the original title)<br />
<br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard title for your specific language. More titles can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
Using the disambiguation field, can be problematic since these titles are often local, while the disambiguation field is global. E.g. a French nickname is usually translated, if it exists at all in English.<br/ ><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ''by Bach/Gounod'' '''alias''' ''(all languages)'': Ave Maria <br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ''by J.S. Bach'' '''German alias:''' Matthäus-Passion <br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]] ''by D. Schostakovich'', '''English alias:''' Moscow, Cheryomushki, Op. 105<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 1 ''by Beethoven'' '''English alias:''' Piano Sonata No. 13 in Eb-flat major, Op. 27 No. 1<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven'' '''English search hint alias:''' Moonlight Sonata<br />
* [[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]] ''by W.A. Mozart'' '''English search hint alias:''' Elvira Madigan<br />
* [[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]] ''by S. Rachmaninoff'' '''English search hint alias:''' Vespers<br />
<br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br /><br />
<br />
==Other information from the score==<br />
The information from the categories below should not be added to the title field for titled works (use the annotation if necessary), but can be useful when dealing with untitled works.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation===<br />
Ex. "for flute and piano", "for strings" etc.<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character===<br />
Ex. allegro, moderato, slow.<br />
<br />
===Key / Modus===<br />
Ex. "G-Dur", "en Si bemol", "A-flat major" etc. See the CSG-language pages for details. <br />
<br />
===Subtitle===<br />
The subtitle can contain a number of different things related to the music, usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Many times this line is added by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
<br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above) and in what language the original title should be.<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Ex. "Dem Grafen Ferdinand von Waldstein gewidmet". Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
For a lot of (especially older) vocal music ''(and instrumental music based on vocal music, e.g. chorale preludes)'', there is no explicit title. Instead the title is (a part of) the first line in the lyrics.<br /><br />
Try to find the most common length of the quote, if it is not available in the score.<br /> <br />
<br />
{{note}} Do not put quotation marks around quotes.<br /> <br />
<br />
Titles made from quotes is treated like any other titled work in MusicBrainz; nothing else is allowed in the title field except part numbers and one catalogue number.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Translations===<br />
Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br /><br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key. Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as an alias.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831 ''by J.S. Bach''<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven''<br />
*10 Märsche, um den Sieg zu verfehlen ''by Mauricio Kagel''<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". Works with lyrics always have titles, see quotes above. If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
What to append to the basic form (if anything) depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) if it is not '''how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
<br />
E.g. a prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor"), while a prelude from an instrumental suite is simply the "prelude from the G-major suite". You would never add anything to the form in the latter case (in a suite, multiple works in the same form usually have numbers after the form, e.g. Menuet I, Menuet II).<br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]] ''from Ouverture g-Moll by J.S Bach''<br />
<br />
<br />
====Untitled stage music====<br />
Most stage music works have titles, but there are some common untitled works: overtures, acts, parts and (in ballets) scenes (can also be titled).<br/ ><br />
Establishing the original language is the only formatting that can be done with these works. Normally, no other information should be added. E.g. overtures are identified as "the overture from opera X" and so on.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br /><br />
<br />
The title field should use the original instrumentation, e.g. "pianoforte". Aliases can have "modern" instruments.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
*Adagio for Strings ''by S. Barber''<br />
<br />
===Form/instrumentation order number===<br />
If a composer has written multiple works of the same form and instrumentation, they often get numbered chronologically. The order number goes after the instrumentation. Formatting is language-dependent.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:aacb1ab0-c740-436a-a782-ed60026cf82b|Symfonie č. 9 e moll]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
Keys in untitled works should be standardized into "modern" formatting including tonality (major/minor) where applicable. See the respective CSG-language pages for details.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll]] ''by J.S Bach''<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
Some parts of a multi-part work can have a form/type (e.g. Finale, Scherzo), while other parts are untitled, and has the character/tempo as title (e.g. Allegro). In that case, choose form/type instead of character. Do not mix form with character in the title field. The character can be entered as a search hint alias.<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Allegro ma non troppo, un poco maestoso ''by Beethoven (from the 9th symphony)''<br />
*I. Allegro molto ed appassionato ''by E. Grieg (from Violin Sonata no. 3)''<br />
<br />
<br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
{{note}} Expand shorthand notation, e.g. "Allo." to "Allegro".<br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
*You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
*Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Part numbers| Part numbers] above.<br />
*Part numbers should be in the format the composer used (previously part numbers had to be Roman Numerals)<br />
*Let nicknames get separate aliases, do not add a nickname to another title.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64231User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-22T09:50:38Z<p>Symphonick: /* Tempo / character for untitled works */ Allho?</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
#Try to establish the original title in the original language and use this in the title field.<br />
#All other titles should be in aliases.<br />
#One catalogue number can be added to the title field, but no other information, except for 4)<br />
#See untitled works when there is no explicit title or any lyrics to quote.<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field should only contain the title given by the composer, in the language the work was originally written. This is not necessarily the composer's preferred language, also consider if the work was written with a specific performance or audience (country) in mind. See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details.<br /><br />
One [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]] can be added to this title ''(as a workaround until catalogues can have specific fields)''.<br /><br />
[[#Untitled work|Untitled works]], where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
It is recommended to use printed scores as sources for titles. For example [http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, often early editions and autographs (common places for an original title to be found).''<br /><br />
If that is not available, just <u>use the best source you can find</u>. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
===Titled works variants===<br />
*Title<br />
*Title, [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]<br />
*[[#Part numbers| Part number]]. Title<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:d2fbf91c-f3a6-4667-a892-56d615f56e23|Jeu de cartes]] ''by Stravinskij''<br />
<br />
*[[Work:426b7e1c-68e7-42cf-9cae-4ba34feddf67|The Messiah, HWV 56]] ''by G.F. Händel''<br />
*(part number example goes here)<br />
<br />
===Score overview===<br />
In the score the title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface (see [[#Overview| overview]] below. But in some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title printed in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
''Note that this is just one example of how a score could look like.''<br />
<br />
===Catalogue numbers===<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
Exact formatting depends on the specific catalogue, e.g. certain catalogues have a dot before the number etc.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Winterreise, D 911 ''by F. Schubert''<br />
*Falstaff, op. 68 ''by E. Elgar''<br />
*Missa in Angustiis, Hob. XXII:11 ''by J. Haydn''<br />
*Die Zauberflöte, K. 620 ''by W.A. Mozart''<br />
<br />
====Part works catalogue====<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
====Part ordering====<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
===Other titles===<br />
Titles not by the composer should be in aliases. This includes:<br />
* "Modern" titles, when the original title by the composer is rarely used<br />
* Nicknames, such as "Moonlight Sonata" ''(more common with untitled works)''<br />
* Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio". Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br />
* Works that have both a title by the composer and a generic version of the title (that can contain ordering numbers not in the original title)<br />
<br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard title for your specific language. More titles can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
Using the disambiguation field, can be problematic since these titles are often local, while the disambiguation field is global. E.g. a French nickname is usually translated, if it exists at all in English.<br/ ><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ''by Bach/Gounod'' '''alias''' ''(all languages)'': Ave Maria <br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ''by J.S. Bach'' '''German alias:''' Matthäus-Passion <br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]] ''by D. Schostakovich'', '''English alias:''' Moscow, Cheryomushki, Op. 105<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 1 ''by Beethoven'' '''English alias:''' Piano Sonata No. 13 in Eb-flat major, Op. 27 No. 1<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven'' '''English search hint alias:''' Moonlight Sonata<br />
* [[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]] ''by W.A. Mozart'' '''English search hint alias:''' Elvira Madigan<br />
* [[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]] ''by S. Rachmaninoff'' '''English search hint alias:''' Vespers<br />
<br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br /><br />
<br />
==Other information from the score==<br />
The information from the categories below should not be added to the title field for titled works (use the annotation if necessary), but can be useful when dealing with untitled works.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation===<br />
Ex. "for flute and piano", "for strings" etc.<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character===<br />
Ex. allegro, moderato, slow.<br />
<br />
===Key / Modus===<br />
Ex. "G-Dur", "en Si bemol", "A-flat major" etc. See the CSG-language pages for details. <br />
<br />
===Subtitle===<br />
The subtitle can contain a number of different things related to the music, usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Many times this line is added by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
<br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above) and in what language the original title should be.<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Ex. "Dem Grafen Ferdinand von Waldstein gewidmet". Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
For a lot of (especially older) vocal music ''(and instrumental music based on vocal music, e.g. chorale preludes)'', there is no explicit title. Instead the title is (a part of) the first line in the lyrics.<br /><br />
Try to find the most common length of the quote, if it is not available in the score.<br /> <br />
<br />
{{note}} Do not put quotation marks around quotes.<br /> <br />
<br />
Titles made from quotes is treated like any other titled work in MusicBrainz; nothing else is allowed in the title field except part numbers and one catalogue number.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Translations===<br />
Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br /><br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key. Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as an alias.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831 ''by J.S. Bach''<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven''<br />
*10 Märsche, um den Sieg zu verfehlen ''by Mauricio Kagel''<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". Works with lyrics always have titles, see quotes above. If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
What to append to the basic form (if anything) depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) if it is not '''how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
<br />
E.g. a prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor"), while a prelude from an instrumental suite is simply the "prelude from the G-major suite". You would never add anything to the form in the latter case (in a suite, multiple works in the same form usually have numbers after the form, e.g. Menuet I, Menuet II).<br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]] ''from Ouverture g-Moll by J.S Bach''<br />
<br />
<br />
====Untitled stage music====<br />
Most stage music works have titles, but there are some common untitled works: overtures, acts, parts and (in ballets) scenes (can also be titled).<br/ ><br />
Establishing the original language is the only formatting that can be done with these works. Normally, no other information should be added. E.g. overtures are identified as "the overture from opera X" and so on.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br /><br />
<br />
The title field should use the original instrumentation, e.g. "pianoforte". Aliases can have "modern" instruments.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
*Adagio for Strings ''by S. Barber''<br />
<br />
===Form/instrumentation order number===<br />
If a composer has written multiple works of the same form and instrumentation, they often get numbered chronologically. The order number goes after the instrumentation. Formatting is language-dependent.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:aacb1ab0-c740-436a-a782-ed60026cf82b|Symfonie č. 9 e moll]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
Keys in untitled works should be standardized into "modern" formatting including tonality (major/minor) where applicable. See the respective CSG-language pages for details.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll]] ''by J.S Bach''<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
Some parts of a multi-part work can have a form/type (e.g. Finale, Scherzo), while other parts are untitled, and has the character/tempo as title (e.g. Allegro). In that case, choose form/type instead of character. Do not mix form with character in the title field. The character can be entered as a search hint alias.<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*I. Allegro molto ed appassionato ''by E. Grieg (from Violin Sonata no. 3)''<br />
<br />
<br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
{{note}} Expand shorthand notation, e.g. "Allo." to "Allegro".<br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
*You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
*Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Part numbers| Part numbers] above.<br />
*Part numbers should be in the format the composer used (previously part numbers had to be Roman Numerals)<br />
*Let nicknames get separate aliases, do not add a nickname to another title.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64230User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-22T09:40:17Z<p>Symphonick: /* Tempo / character for untitled works */ form + tempo</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
#Try to establish the original title in the original language and use this in the title field.<br />
#All other titles should be in aliases.<br />
#One catalogue number can be added to the title field, but no other information, except for 4)<br />
#See untitled works when there is no explicit title or any lyrics to quote.<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field should only contain the title given by the composer, in the language the work was originally written. This is not necessarily the composer's preferred language, also consider if the work was written with a specific performance or audience (country) in mind. See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details.<br /><br />
One [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]] can be added to this title ''(as a workaround until catalogues can have specific fields)''.<br /><br />
[[#Untitled work|Untitled works]], where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
It is recommended to use printed scores as sources for titles. For example [http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, often early editions and autographs (common places for an original title to be found).''<br /><br />
If that is not available, just <u>use the best source you can find</u>. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
===Titled works variants===<br />
*Title<br />
*Title, [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]<br />
*[[#Part numbers| Part number]]. Title<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:d2fbf91c-f3a6-4667-a892-56d615f56e23|Jeu de cartes]] ''by Stravinskij''<br />
<br />
*[[Work:426b7e1c-68e7-42cf-9cae-4ba34feddf67|The Messiah, HWV 56]] ''by G.F. Händel''<br />
*(part number example goes here)<br />
<br />
===Score overview===<br />
In the score the title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface (see [[#Overview| overview]] below. But in some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title printed in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
''Note that this is just one example of how a score could look like.''<br />
<br />
===Catalogue numbers===<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
Exact formatting depends on the specific catalogue, e.g. certain catalogues have a dot before the number etc.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Winterreise, D 911 ''by F. Schubert''<br />
*Falstaff, op. 68 ''by E. Elgar''<br />
*Missa in Angustiis, Hob. XXII:11 ''by J. Haydn''<br />
*Die Zauberflöte, K. 620 ''by W.A. Mozart''<br />
<br />
====Part works catalogue====<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
====Part ordering====<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
===Other titles===<br />
Titles not by the composer should be in aliases. This includes:<br />
* "Modern" titles, when the original title by the composer is rarely used<br />
* Nicknames, such as "Moonlight Sonata" ''(more common with untitled works)''<br />
* Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio". Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br />
* Works that have both a title by the composer and a generic version of the title (that can contain ordering numbers not in the original title)<br />
<br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard title for your specific language. More titles can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
Using the disambiguation field, can be problematic since these titles are often local, while the disambiguation field is global. E.g. a French nickname is usually translated, if it exists at all in English.<br/ ><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ''by Bach/Gounod'' '''alias''' ''(all languages)'': Ave Maria <br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ''by J.S. Bach'' '''German alias:''' Matthäus-Passion <br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]] ''by D. Schostakovich'', '''English alias:''' Moscow, Cheryomushki, Op. 105<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 1 ''by Beethoven'' '''English alias:''' Piano Sonata No. 13 in Eb-flat major, Op. 27 No. 1<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven'' '''English search hint alias:''' Moonlight Sonata<br />
* [[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]] ''by W.A. Mozart'' '''English search hint alias:''' Elvira Madigan<br />
* [[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]] ''by S. Rachmaninoff'' '''English search hint alias:''' Vespers<br />
<br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br /><br />
<br />
==Other information from the score==<br />
The information from the categories below should not be added to the title field for titled works (use the annotation if necessary), but can be useful when dealing with untitled works.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation===<br />
Ex. "for flute and piano", "for strings" etc.<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character===<br />
Ex. allegro, moderato, slow.<br />
<br />
===Key / Modus===<br />
Ex. "G-Dur", "en Si bemol", "A-flat major" etc. See the CSG-language pages for details. <br />
<br />
===Subtitle===<br />
The subtitle can contain a number of different things related to the music, usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Many times this line is added by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
<br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above) and in what language the original title should be.<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Ex. "Dem Grafen Ferdinand von Waldstein gewidmet". Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
For a lot of (especially older) vocal music ''(and instrumental music based on vocal music, e.g. chorale preludes)'', there is no explicit title. Instead the title is (a part of) the first line in the lyrics.<br /><br />
Try to find the most common length of the quote, if it is not available in the score.<br /> <br />
<br />
{{note}} Do not put quotation marks around quotes.<br /> <br />
<br />
Titles made from quotes is treated like any other titled work in MusicBrainz; nothing else is allowed in the title field except part numbers and one catalogue number.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Translations===<br />
Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br /><br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key. Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as an alias.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831 ''by J.S. Bach''<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven''<br />
*10 Märsche, um den Sieg zu verfehlen ''by Mauricio Kagel''<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". Works with lyrics always have titles, see quotes above. If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
What to append to the basic form (if anything) depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) if it is not '''how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
<br />
E.g. a prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor"), while a prelude from an instrumental suite is simply the "prelude from the G-major suite". You would never add anything to the form in the latter case (in a suite, multiple works in the same form usually have numbers after the form, e.g. Menuet I, Menuet II).<br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]] ''from Ouverture g-Moll by J.S Bach''<br />
<br />
<br />
====Untitled stage music====<br />
Most stage music works have titles, but there are some common untitled works: overtures, acts, parts and (in ballets) scenes (can also be titled).<br/ ><br />
Establishing the original language is the only formatting that can be done with these works. Normally, no other information should be added. E.g. overtures are identified as "the overture from opera X" and so on.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br /><br />
<br />
The title field should use the original instrumentation, e.g. "pianoforte". Aliases can have "modern" instruments.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
*Adagio for Strings ''by S. Barber''<br />
<br />
===Form/instrumentation order number===<br />
If a composer has written multiple works of the same form and instrumentation, they often get numbered chronologically. The order number goes after the instrumentation. Formatting is language-dependent.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:aacb1ab0-c740-436a-a782-ed60026cf82b|Symfonie č. 9 e moll]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
Keys in untitled works should be standardized into "modern" formatting including tonality (major/minor) where applicable. See the respective CSG-language pages for details.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll]] ''by J.S Bach''<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
Some parts of a multi-part work can have a form/type (e.g. Finale, Scherzo), while other parts are untitled, and has the character/tempo as title (e.g. Allegro). In that case, choose form/type instead of character. Do not mix form with character in the title field. The character can be entered as a search hint alias.<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*I. Allegro molto ed appassionato ''by E. Grieg (from Violin Sonata no. 3)''<br />
<br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, you should use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
*You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
*Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Part numbers| Part numbers] above.<br />
*Part numbers should be in the format the composer used (previously part numbers had to be Roman Numerals)<br />
*Let nicknames get separate aliases, do not add a nickname to another title.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64220User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-21T09:34:05Z<p>Symphonick: untitled stage music</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
#Try to establish the original title in the original language and use this in the title field.<br />
#All other titles should be in aliases.<br />
#One catalogue number can be added to the title field, but no other information, except for 4)<br />
#See untitled works when there is no explicit title or any lyrics to quote.<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field should only contain the title given by the composer, in the language the work was originally written. This is not necessarily the composer's preferred language, also consider if the work was written with a specific performance or audience (country) in mind. See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details.<br /><br />
One [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]] can be added to this title ''(as a workaround until catalogues can have specific fields)''.<br /><br />
[[#Untitled work|Untitled works]], where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
It is recommended to use printed scores as sources for titles. For example [http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, often early editions and autographs (common places for an original title to be found).''<br /><br />
If that is not available, just <u>use the best source you can find</u>. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
===Titled works variants===<br />
*Title<br />
*Title, [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]<br />
*[[#Part numbers| Part number]]. Title<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:d2fbf91c-f3a6-4667-a892-56d615f56e23|Jeu de cartes]] ''by Stravinskij''<br />
<br />
*[[Work:426b7e1c-68e7-42cf-9cae-4ba34feddf67|The Messiah, HWV 56]] ''by G.F. Händel''<br />
*(part number example goes here)<br />
<br />
===Score overview===<br />
In the score the title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface (see [[#Overview| overview]] below. But in some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title printed in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
''Note that this is just one example of how a score could look like.''<br />
<br />
===Catalogue numbers===<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
Exact formatting depends on the specific catalogue, e.g. certain catalogues have a dot before the number etc.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Winterreise, D 911 ''by F. Schubert''<br />
*Falstaff, op. 68 ''by E. Elgar''<br />
*Missa in Angustiis, Hob. XXII:11 ''by J. Haydn''<br />
*Die Zauberflöte, K. 620 ''by W.A. Mozart''<br />
<br />
====Part works catalogue====<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
====Part ordering====<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
===Other titles===<br />
Titles not by the composer should be in aliases. This includes:<br />
* "Modern" titles, when the original title by the composer is rarely used<br />
* Nicknames, such as "Moonlight Sonata" ''(more common with untitled works)''<br />
* Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio". Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br />
* Works that have both a title by the composer and a generic version of the title (that can contain ordering numbers not in the original title)<br />
<br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard title for your specific language. More titles can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
Using the disambiguation field, can be problematic since these titles are often local, while the disambiguation field is global. E.g. a French nickname is usually translated, if it exists at all in English.<br/ ><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ''by Bach/Gounod'' '''alias''' ''(all languages)'': Ave Maria <br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ''by J.S. Bach'' '''German alias:''' Matthäus-Passion <br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]] ''by D. Schostakovich'', '''English alias:''' Moscow, Cheryomushki, Op. 105<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 1 ''by Beethoven'' '''English alias:''' Piano Sonata No. 13 in Eb-flat major, Op. 27 No. 1<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven'' '''English search hint alias:''' Moonlight Sonata<br />
* [[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]] ''by W.A. Mozart'' '''English search hint alias:''' Elvira Madigan<br />
* [[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]] ''by S. Rachmaninoff'' '''English search hint alias:''' Vespers<br />
<br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br /><br />
<br />
==Other information from the score==<br />
The information from the categories below should not be added to the title field for titled works (use the annotation if necessary), but can be useful when dealing with untitled works.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation===<br />
Ex. "for flute and piano", "for strings" etc.<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character===<br />
Ex. allegro, moderato, slow.<br />
<br />
===Key / Modus===<br />
Ex. "G-Dur", "en Si bemol", "A-flat major" etc. See the CSG-language pages for details. <br />
<br />
===Subtitle===<br />
The subtitle can contain a number of different things related to the music, usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Many times this line is added by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
<br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above) and in what language the original title should be.<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Ex. "Dem Grafen Ferdinand von Waldstein gewidmet". Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
For a lot of (especially older) vocal music ''(and instrumental music based on vocal music, e.g. chorale preludes)'', there is no explicit title. Instead the title is (a part of) the first line in the lyrics.<br /><br />
Try to find the most common length of the quote, if it is not available in the score.<br /> <br />
<br />
{{note}} Do not put quotation marks around quotes.<br /> <br />
<br />
Titles made from quotes is treated like any other titled work in MusicBrainz; nothing else is allowed in the title field except part numbers and one catalogue number.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Translations===<br />
Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br /><br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key. Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as an alias.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831 ''by J.S. Bach''<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven''<br />
*10 Märsche, um den Sieg zu verfehlen ''by Mauricio Kagel''<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". Works with lyrics always have titles, see quotes above. If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
What to append to the basic form (if anything) depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) if it is not '''how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
<br />
E.g. a prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor"), while a prelude from an instrumental suite is simply the "prelude from the G-major suite". You would never add anything to the form in the latter case (in a suite, multiple works in the same form usually have numbers after the form, e.g. Menuet I, Menuet II).<br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]] ''from Ouverture g-Moll by J.S Bach''<br />
<br />
<br />
====Untitled stage music====<br />
Most stage music works have titles, but there are some common untitled works: overtures, acts, parts and (in ballets) scenes (can also be titled).<br/ ><br />
Establishing the original language is the only formatting that can be done with these works. Normally, no other information should be added. E.g. overtures are identified as "the overture from opera X" and so on.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br /><br />
<br />
The title field should use the original instrumentation, e.g. "pianoforte". Aliases can have "modern" instruments.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
*Adagio for Strings ''by S. Barber''<br />
<br />
===Form/instrumentation order number===<br />
If a composer has written multiple works of the same form and instrumentation, they often get numbered chronologically. The order number goes after the instrumentation. Formatting is language-dependent.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:aacb1ab0-c740-436a-a782-ed60026cf82b|Symfonie č. 9 e moll]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
Keys in untitled works should be standardized into "modern" formatting including tonality (major/minor) where applicable. See the respective CSG-language pages for details.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll]] ''by J.S Bach''<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
{{note}} The final part of multi-part works is often listed with both "Finale" and tempo, e.g. "Finale: Allegro". This formatting should not be used anywhere else; tempo information is separate from titles and does not belong in the title field.<br /><br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*I. Allegro molto ed appassionato ''by E. Grieg (from Violin Sonata no. 3)''<br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, you should use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
*You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
*Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Part numbers| Part numbers] above.<br />
*Part numbers should be in the format the composer used (previously part numbers had to be Roman Numerals)<br />
*Let nicknames get separate aliases, do not add a nickname to another title.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_roadmap&diff=64219User:Symphonick/CSG roadmap2013-08-21T08:47:18Z<p>Symphonick: /* Recordings */ update - expected new MB recordings title guideline</p>
<hr />
<div>Planned proposals, links to old discussions and more.<br />
<br />
==Proposals==<br />
<br />
===Schema & UI changes===<br />
====Show parent works in search results====<br />
[[Jira:MBS-5983|MBS-5983]]<br />
<br />
As parent works don't show up in search results, we are forced to append all titles from the parent work to all sub-parts. <br />
This workaround will not continue in the upcoming works title guideline. <br />
A solution is probably needed (Benji's ticket [[Jira:MBS-3374|MBS-3374]] is similar) before we can implement work titles.<br />
<br />
===Guidelines===<br />
====Works====<br />
<br />
=====Part I=====<br />
[[Style/Classical/Works]] [[Image:Checkmark.png]] Accepted<br />
<br />
Definition of a work.<br />
For clarity, the RFC should include deprecating the old [http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Specific_types_of_releases/Opera opera guideline].<br />
<br />
======Part Ia======<br />
[[User:Symphonick/CSG_Excerpt_works]] ''WIP''<br />
<br />
Minor update.<br />
<br />
=====Part II: Titles=====<br />
[[User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles]] ''WIP''<br />
<br />
[[Image:Attention.png]] ''Most likely schema changes will be necessary, or we ''<br />
<br />
====Recordings====<br />
''Defaults to the standard MusicBrainz recording guideline. Not sure a specific CSG version is required.''<br /><br />
''Possibly for more info about how to decide language for multi-language sources, but it wouldn't actually change the standard guideline, just explain it.''<br />
<br />
====Tracks====<br />
[[Image:Attention.png]] ''originally planned to be done before the other proposals, on hold awaiting a schema change (track group titles/headings) that sounded very close two years ago or something... :-(''<br />
<br />
What to include in track titles. Releases with multiple languages.<br /><br />
<br />
=====Tracks part II: Pseudo-tracklists=====<br />
Old-style CSG tracktitles, for those who want them.<br />
<br />
===ARs===<br />
====Revision====<br />
[http://wiki.musicbrainz.org/Revision_Relationship_Type Revision Relationship Type] [[Image:Checkmark.png]] Accepted<br />
<br />
====Arrangement====<br />
[http://wiki.musicbrainz.org/Has_Arrangement_Relationship_Type Has Arrangement Relationship Type] [[Image:Checkmark.png]] Accepted<br />
<br />
====Orchestration (arrangement subtype)====<br />
[http://wiki.musicbrainz.org/Orchestration_Relationship_Type Orchestration Relationship Type] [[Image:Checkmark.png]] Accepted<br />
<br />
====Transcription (arrangement subtype)====<br />
[[Image:Attention.png]] [[Proposal:Transcription_Relationship_Type|Lorenz made a pre-RFC]] in 2011<br />
<br />
===Other proposals===<br />
* Appliance of CSG - ''didn't caller#6 start this long ago?''<br />
** [http://musicbrainz.1054305.n4.nabble.com/pre-RFC-When-does-the-CSG-apply-tp4439312.html Thread on Nabble] [[User:Caller number six|Caller_number_six]] ([[User talk:Caller number six|talk]])<br />
* [[User:DavitoF/How_To_Link_Works_Together|How to link works together]] by davitof [http://musicbrainz.1054305.n4.nabble.com/Work-Work-summary-tp4649671.html (thread)]<br />
* Everyone should have a CSG roadmap! [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1vngQFtV5JGkMowQEzgRN0v142QpySzstO6cdKVKqQ2w/edit Alex's]<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
==Old stuff==<br />
<br />
* [[Proposal:CSG2012|CSG 2012 Main page]]<br />
* [[User:Symphonick/sandbox|2011 sandbox]]</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64205User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-19T13:50:44Z<p>Symphonick: /* Ensembles */ example</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
#Try to establish the original title in the original language and use this in the title field.<br />
#All other titles should be in aliases.<br />
#One catalogue number can be added to the title field, but no other information, except for 4)<br />
#See untitled works when there is no explicit title or any lyrics to quote.<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field should only contain the title given by the composer, in the language the work was originally written. This is not necessarily the composer's preferred language, also consider if the work was written with a specific performance or audience (country) in mind. See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details.<br /><br />
One [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]] can be added to this title ''(as a workaround until catalogues can have specific fields)''.<br /><br />
[[#Untitled work|Untitled works]], where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
It is recommended to use printed scores as sources for titles. For example [http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, often early editions and autographs (common places for an original title to be found).''<br /><br />
If that is not available, just <u>use the best source you can find</u>. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
===Titled works variants===<br />
*Title<br />
*Title, [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]<br />
*[[#Part numbers| Part number]]. Title<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:d2fbf91c-f3a6-4667-a892-56d615f56e23|Jeu de cartes]] ''by Stravinskij''<br />
<br />
*[[Work:426b7e1c-68e7-42cf-9cae-4ba34feddf67|The Messiah, HWV 56]] ''by G.F. Händel''<br />
*(part number example goes here)<br />
<br />
===Score overview===<br />
In the score the title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface (see [[#Overview| overview]] below. But in some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title printed in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
''Note that this is just one example of how a score could look like.''<br />
<br />
===Catalogue numbers===<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
Exact formatting depends on the specific catalogue, e.g. certain catalogues have a dot before the number etc.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Winterreise, D 911 ''by F. Schubert''<br />
*Falstaff, op. 68 ''by E. Elgar''<br />
*Missa in Angustiis, Hob. XXII:11 ''by J. Haydn''<br />
*Die Zauberflöte, K. 620 ''by W.A. Mozart''<br />
<br />
====Part works catalogue====<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
====Part ordering====<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
===Other titles===<br />
Titles not by the composer should be in aliases. This includes:<br />
* "Modern" titles, when the original title by the composer is rarely used<br />
* Nicknames, such as "Moonlight Sonata" ''(more common with untitled works)''<br />
* Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio". Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br />
* Works that have both a title by the composer and a generic version of the title (that can contain ordering numbers not in the original title)<br />
<br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard title for your specific language. More titles can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
Using the disambiguation field, can be problematic since these titles are often local, while the disambiguation field is global. E.g. a French nickname is usually translated, if it exists at all in English.<br/ ><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ''by Bach/Gounod'' '''alias''' ''(all languages)'': Ave Maria <br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ''by J.S. Bach'' '''German alias:''' Matthäus-Passion <br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]] ''by D. Schostakovich'', '''English alias:''' Moscow, Cheryomushki, Op. 105<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 1 ''by Beethoven'' '''English alias:''' Piano Sonata No. 13 in Eb-flat major, Op. 27 No. 1<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven'' '''English search hint alias:''' Moonlight Sonata<br />
* [[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]] ''by W.A. Mozart'' '''English search hint alias:''' Elvira Madigan<br />
* [[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]] ''by S. Rachmaninoff'' '''English search hint alias:''' Vespers<br />
<br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br /><br />
<br />
==Other information from the score==<br />
The information from the categories below should not be added to the title field for titled works (use the annotation if necessary), but can be useful when dealing with untitled works.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation===<br />
Ex. "for flute and piano", "for strings" etc.<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character===<br />
Ex. allegro, moderato, slow.<br />
<br />
===Key / Modus===<br />
Ex. "G-Dur", "en Si bemol", "A-flat major" etc. See the CSG-language pages for details. <br />
<br />
===Subtitle===<br />
The subtitle can contain a number of different things related to the music, usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Many times this line is added by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
<br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above) and in what language the original title should be.<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Ex. "Dem Grafen Ferdinand von Waldstein gewidmet". Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
For a lot of (especially older) vocal music ''(and instrumental music based on vocal music, e.g. chorale preludes)'', there is no explicit title. Instead the title is (a part of) the first line in the lyrics.<br /><br />
Try to find the most common length of the quote, if it is not available in the score.<br /> <br />
<br />
{{note}} Do not put quotation marks around quotes.<br /> <br />
<br />
Titles made from quotes is treated like any other titled work in MusicBrainz; nothing else is allowed in the title field except part numbers and one catalogue number.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Translations===<br />
Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br /><br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key. Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as an alias.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831 ''by J.S. Bach''<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven''<br />
*10 Märsche, um den Sieg zu verfehlen ''by Mauricio Kagel''<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". Works with lyrics always have titles, see quotes above. If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
What to append to the basic form (if anything) depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) if it is not '''how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
<br />
E.g. a prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor"), while a prelude from an instrumental suite is simply the "prelude from the G-major suite". You would never add anything to the form in the latter case.<br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br /><br />
<br />
The title field should use the original instrumentation, e.g. "pianoforte". Aliases can have "modern" instruments.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
*Adagio for Strings ''by S. Barber''<br />
<br />
===Form/instrumentation order number===<br />
If a composer has written multiple works of the same form and instrumentation, they often get numbered chronologically. The order number goes after the instrumentation. Formatting is language-dependent.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:aacb1ab0-c740-436a-a782-ed60026cf82b|Symfonie č. 9 e moll]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
Keys in untitled works should be standardized into "modern" formatting including tonality (major/minor) where applicable. See the respective CSG-language pages for details.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll, BWV 822]]<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
{{note}} The final part of multi-part works is often listed with both "Finale" and tempo, e.g. "Finale: Allegro". This formatting should not be used anywhere else; tempo information is separate from titles and does not belong in the title field.<br /><br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*I. Allegro molto ed appassionato ''by E. Grieg (from Violin Sonata no. 3)''<br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, you should use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
*You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
*Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Part numbers| Part numbers] above.<br />
*Part numbers should be in the format the composer used (previously part numbers had to be Roman Numerals)<br />
*Let nicknames get separate aliases, do not add a nickname to another title.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64204User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-19T13:48:46Z<p>Symphonick: /* Keys in untitled works */ + major/minor</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
#Try to establish the original title in the original language and use this in the title field.<br />
#All other titles should be in aliases.<br />
#One catalogue number can be added to the title field, but no other information, except for 4)<br />
#See untitled works when there is no explicit title or any lyrics to quote.<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field should only contain the title given by the composer, in the language the work was originally written. This is not necessarily the composer's preferred language, also consider if the work was written with a specific performance or audience (country) in mind. See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details.<br /><br />
One [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]] can be added to this title ''(as a workaround until catalogues can have specific fields)''.<br /><br />
[[#Untitled work|Untitled works]], where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
It is recommended to use printed scores as sources for titles. For example [http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, often early editions and autographs (common places for an original title to be found).''<br /><br />
If that is not available, just <u>use the best source you can find</u>. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
===Titled works variants===<br />
*Title<br />
*Title, [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]<br />
*[[#Part numbers| Part number]]. Title<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:d2fbf91c-f3a6-4667-a892-56d615f56e23|Jeu de cartes]] ''by Stravinskij''<br />
<br />
*[[Work:426b7e1c-68e7-42cf-9cae-4ba34feddf67|The Messiah, HWV 56]] ''by G.F. Händel''<br />
*(part number example goes here)<br />
<br />
===Score overview===<br />
In the score the title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface (see [[#Overview| overview]] below. But in some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title printed in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
''Note that this is just one example of how a score could look like.''<br />
<br />
===Catalogue numbers===<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
Exact formatting depends on the specific catalogue, e.g. certain catalogues have a dot before the number etc.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Winterreise, D 911 ''by F. Schubert''<br />
*Falstaff, op. 68 ''by E. Elgar''<br />
*Missa in Angustiis, Hob. XXII:11 ''by J. Haydn''<br />
*Die Zauberflöte, K. 620 ''by W.A. Mozart''<br />
<br />
====Part works catalogue====<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
====Part ordering====<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
===Other titles===<br />
Titles not by the composer should be in aliases. This includes:<br />
* "Modern" titles, when the original title by the composer is rarely used<br />
* Nicknames, such as "Moonlight Sonata" ''(more common with untitled works)''<br />
* Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio". Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br />
* Works that have both a title by the composer and a generic version of the title (that can contain ordering numbers not in the original title)<br />
<br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard title for your specific language. More titles can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
Using the disambiguation field, can be problematic since these titles are often local, while the disambiguation field is global. E.g. a French nickname is usually translated, if it exists at all in English.<br/ ><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ''by Bach/Gounod'' '''alias''' ''(all languages)'': Ave Maria <br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ''by J.S. Bach'' '''German alias:''' Matthäus-Passion <br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]] ''by D. Schostakovich'', '''English alias:''' Moscow, Cheryomushki, Op. 105<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 1 ''by Beethoven'' '''English alias:''' Piano Sonata No. 13 in Eb-flat major, Op. 27 No. 1<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven'' '''English search hint alias:''' Moonlight Sonata<br />
* [[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]] ''by W.A. Mozart'' '''English search hint alias:''' Elvira Madigan<br />
* [[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]] ''by S. Rachmaninoff'' '''English search hint alias:''' Vespers<br />
<br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br /><br />
<br />
==Other information from the score==<br />
The information from the categories below should not be added to the title field for titled works (use the annotation if necessary), but can be useful when dealing with untitled works.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation===<br />
Ex. "for flute and piano", "for strings" etc.<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character===<br />
Ex. allegro, moderato, slow.<br />
<br />
===Key / Modus===<br />
Ex. "G-Dur", "en Si bemol", "A-flat major" etc. See the CSG-language pages for details. <br />
<br />
===Subtitle===<br />
The subtitle can contain a number of different things related to the music, usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Many times this line is added by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
<br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above) and in what language the original title should be.<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Ex. "Dem Grafen Ferdinand von Waldstein gewidmet". Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
For a lot of (especially older) vocal music ''(and instrumental music based on vocal music, e.g. chorale preludes)'', there is no explicit title. Instead the title is (a part of) the first line in the lyrics.<br /><br />
Try to find the most common length of the quote, if it is not available in the score.<br /> <br />
<br />
{{note}} Do not put quotation marks around quotes.<br /> <br />
<br />
Titles made from quotes is treated like any other titled work in MusicBrainz; nothing else is allowed in the title field except part numbers and one catalogue number.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Translations===<br />
Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br /><br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key. Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as an alias.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831 ''by J.S. Bach''<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven''<br />
*10 Märsche, um den Sieg zu verfehlen ''by Mauricio Kagel''<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". Works with lyrics always have titles, see quotes above. If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
What to append to the basic form (if anything) depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) if it is not '''how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
<br />
E.g. a prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor"), while a prelude from an instrumental suite is simply the "prelude from the G-major suite". You would never add anything to the form in the latter case.<br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br /><br />
<br />
The title field should use the original instrumentation, e.g. "pianoforte". Aliases can have "modern" instruments.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
<br />
===Form/instrumentation order number===<br />
If a composer has written multiple works of the same form and instrumentation, they often get numbered chronologically. The order number goes after the instrumentation. Formatting is language-dependent.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:aacb1ab0-c740-436a-a782-ed60026cf82b|Symfonie č. 9 e moll]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
Keys in untitled works should be standardized into "modern" formatting including tonality (major/minor) where applicable. See the respective CSG-language pages for details.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll, BWV 822]]<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
{{note}} The final part of multi-part works is often listed with both "Finale" and tempo, e.g. "Finale: Allegro". This formatting should not be used anywhere else; tempo information is separate from titles and does not belong in the title field.<br /><br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*I. Allegro molto ed appassionato ''by E. Grieg (from Violin Sonata no. 3)''<br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, you should use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
*You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
*Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Part numbers| Part numbers] above.<br />
*Part numbers should be in the format the composer used (previously part numbers had to be Roman Numerals)<br />
*Let nicknames get separate aliases, do not add a nickname to another title.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64203User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-19T11:02:09Z<p>Symphonick: more examples</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
#Try to establish the original title in the original language and use this in the title field.<br />
#All other titles should be in aliases.<br />
#One catalogue number can be added to the title field, but no other information, except for 4)<br />
#See untitled works when there is no explicit title or any lyrics to quote.<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field should only contain the title given by the composer, in the language the work was originally written. This is not necessarily the composer's preferred language, also consider if the work was written with a specific performance or audience (country) in mind. See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details.<br /><br />
One [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]] can be added to this title ''(as a workaround until catalogues can have specific fields)''.<br /><br />
[[#Untitled work|Untitled works]], where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
It is recommended to use printed scores as sources for titles. For example [http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, often early editions and autographs (common places for an original title to be found).''<br /><br />
If that is not available, just <u>use the best source you can find</u>. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
===Titled works variants===<br />
*Title<br />
*Title, [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]<br />
*[[#Part numbers| Part number]]. Title<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:d2fbf91c-f3a6-4667-a892-56d615f56e23|Jeu de cartes]] ''by Stravinskij''<br />
<br />
*[[Work:426b7e1c-68e7-42cf-9cae-4ba34feddf67|The Messiah, HWV 56]] ''by G.F. Händel''<br />
*(part number example goes here)<br />
<br />
===Score overview===<br />
In the score the title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface (see [[#Overview| overview]] below. But in some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title printed in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
''Note that this is just one example of how a score could look like.''<br />
<br />
===Catalogue numbers===<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
Exact formatting depends on the specific catalogue, e.g. certain catalogues have a dot before the number etc.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Winterreise, D 911 ''by F. Schubert''<br />
*Falstaff, op. 68 ''by E. Elgar''<br />
*Missa in Angustiis, Hob. XXII:11 ''by J. Haydn''<br />
*Die Zauberflöte, K. 620 ''by W.A. Mozart''<br />
<br />
====Part works catalogue====<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
====Part ordering====<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
===Other titles===<br />
Titles not by the composer should be in aliases. This includes:<br />
* "Modern" titles, when the original title by the composer is rarely used<br />
* Nicknames, such as "Moonlight Sonata" ''(more common with untitled works)''<br />
* Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio". Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br />
* Works that have both a title by the composer and a generic version of the title (that can contain ordering numbers not in the original title)<br />
<br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard title for your specific language. More titles can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
Using the disambiguation field, can be problematic since these titles are often local, while the disambiguation field is global. E.g. a French nickname is usually translated, if it exists at all in English.<br/ ><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ''by Bach/Gounod'' '''alias''' ''(all languages)'': Ave Maria <br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ''by J.S. Bach'' '''German alias:''' Matthäus-Passion <br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]] ''by D. Schostakovich'', '''English alias:''' Moscow, Cheryomushki, Op. 105<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 1 ''by Beethoven'' '''English alias:''' Piano Sonata No. 13 in Eb-flat major, Op. 27 No. 1<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven'' '''English search hint alias:''' Moonlight Sonata<br />
* [[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]] ''by W.A. Mozart'' '''English search hint alias:''' Elvira Madigan<br />
* [[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]] ''by S. Rachmaninoff'' '''English search hint alias:''' Vespers<br />
<br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br /><br />
<br />
==Other information from the score==<br />
The information from the categories below should not be added to the title field for titled works (use the annotation if necessary), but can be useful when dealing with untitled works.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation===<br />
Ex. "for flute and piano", "for strings" etc.<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character===<br />
Ex. allegro, moderato, slow.<br />
<br />
===Key / Modus===<br />
Ex. "G-Dur", "en Si bemol", "A-flat major" etc. See the CSG-language pages for details. <br />
<br />
===Subtitle===<br />
The subtitle can contain a number of different things related to the music, usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Many times this line is added by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
<br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above) and in what language the original title should be.<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Ex. "Dem Grafen Ferdinand von Waldstein gewidmet". Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
For a lot of (especially older) vocal music ''(and instrumental music based on vocal music, e.g. chorale preludes)'', there is no explicit title. Instead the title is (a part of) the first line in the lyrics.<br /><br />
Try to find the most common length of the quote, if it is not available in the score.<br /> <br />
<br />
{{note}} Do not put quotation marks around quotes.<br /> <br />
<br />
Titles made from quotes is treated like any other titled work in MusicBrainz; nothing else is allowed in the title field except part numbers and one catalogue number.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Translations===<br />
Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br /><br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key. Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as an alias.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831 ''by J.S. Bach''<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven''<br />
*10 Märsche, um den Sieg zu verfehlen ''by Mauricio Kagel''<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". Works with lyrics always have titles, see quotes above. If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
What to append to the basic form (if anything) depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) if it is not '''how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
<br />
E.g. a prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor"), while a prelude from an instrumental suite is simply the "prelude from the G-major suite". You would never add anything to the form in the latter case.<br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br /><br />
<br />
The title field should use the original instrumentation, e.g. "pianoforte". Aliases can have "modern" instruments.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
<br />
===Form/instrumentation order number===<br />
If a composer has written multiple works of the same form and instrumentation, they often get numbered chronologically. The order number goes after the instrumentation. Formatting is language-dependent.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:aacb1ab0-c740-436a-a782-ed60026cf82b|Symfonie č. 9 e moll]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll, BWV 822]]<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
{{note}} The final part of multi-part works is often listed with both "Finale" and tempo, e.g. "Finale: Allegro". This formatting should not be used anywhere else; tempo information is separate from titles and does not belong in the title field.<br /><br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*I. Allegro molto ed appassionato ''by E. Grieg (from Violin Sonata no. 3)''<br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, you should use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
*You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
*Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Part numbers| Part numbers] above.<br />
*Part numbers should be in the format the composer used (previously part numbers had to be Roman Numerals)<br />
*Let nicknames get separate aliases, do not add a nickname to another title.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_roadmap&diff=64202User:Symphonick/CSG roadmap2013-08-19T08:57:13Z<p>Symphonick: update</p>
<hr />
<div>Planned proposals, links to old discussions and more.<br />
<br />
==Proposals==<br />
<br />
===Schema & UI changes===<br />
====Show parent works in search results====<br />
[[Jira:MBS-5983|MBS-5983]]<br />
<br />
As parent works don't show up in search results, we are forced to append all titles from the parent work to all sub-parts. <br />
This workaround will not continue in the upcoming works title guideline. <br />
A solution is probably needed (Benji's ticket [[Jira:MBS-3374|MBS-3374]] is similar) before we can implement work titles.<br />
<br />
===Guidelines===<br />
====Works====<br />
<br />
=====Part I=====<br />
[[Style/Classical/Works]] [[Image:Checkmark.png]] Accepted<br />
<br />
Definition of a work.<br />
For clarity, the RFC should include deprecating the old [http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Specific_types_of_releases/Opera opera guideline].<br />
<br />
======Part Ia======<br />
[[User:Symphonick/CSG_Excerpt_works]] ''WIP''<br />
<br />
Minor update.<br />
<br />
=====Part II: Titles=====<br />
[[User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles]] ''WIP''<br />
<br />
[[Image:Attention.png]] ''Most likely schema changes will be necessary, or we ''<br />
<br />
====Recordings====<br />
''planned - works titles has to be in place first''<br />
<br />
How to decide language. Constructing titles when works and recordings don't match ''though IMO using track titles is a better solution''.<br />
<br />
====Tracks====<br />
[[Image:Attention.png]] ''originally planned to be done before the other proposals, on hold awaiting a schema change (track group titles/headings) that sounded very close two years ago or something... :-(''<br />
<br />
What to include in track titles. Releases with multiple languages.<br /><br />
<br />
=====Tracks part II: Pseudo-tracklists=====<br />
Old-style CSG tracktitles, for those who want them.<br />
<br />
===ARs===<br />
====Revision====<br />
[http://wiki.musicbrainz.org/Revision_Relationship_Type Revision Relationship Type] [[Image:Checkmark.png]] Accepted<br />
<br />
====Arrangement====<br />
[http://wiki.musicbrainz.org/Has_Arrangement_Relationship_Type Has Arrangement Relationship Type] [[Image:Checkmark.png]] Accepted<br />
<br />
====Orchestration (arrangement subtype)====<br />
[http://wiki.musicbrainz.org/Orchestration_Relationship_Type Orchestration Relationship Type] [[Image:Checkmark.png]] Accepted<br />
<br />
====Transcription (arrangement subtype)====<br />
[[Image:Attention.png]] [[Proposal:Transcription_Relationship_Type|Lorenz made a pre-RFC]] in 2011<br />
<br />
===Other proposals===<br />
* Appliance of CSG - ''didn't caller#6 start this long ago?''<br />
** [http://musicbrainz.1054305.n4.nabble.com/pre-RFC-When-does-the-CSG-apply-tp4439312.html Thread on Nabble] [[User:Caller number six|Caller_number_six]] ([[User talk:Caller number six|talk]])<br />
* [[User:DavitoF/How_To_Link_Works_Together|How to link works together]] by davitof [http://musicbrainz.1054305.n4.nabble.com/Work-Work-summary-tp4649671.html (thread)]<br />
* Everyone should have a CSG roadmap! [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1vngQFtV5JGkMowQEzgRN0v142QpySzstO6cdKVKqQ2w/edit Alex's]<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
==Old stuff==<br />
<br />
* [[Proposal:CSG2012|CSG 2012 Main page]]<br />
* [[User:Symphonick/sandbox|2011 sandbox]]</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64201User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-19T08:40:11Z<p>Symphonick: /* Old practices */ about nicknames</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
#Try to establish the original title in the original language and use this in the title field.<br />
#All other titles should be in aliases.<br />
#One catalogue number can be added to the title field, but no other information, except for 4)<br />
#See untitled works when there is no explicit title or any lyrics to quote.<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field should only contain the title given by the composer, in the language the work was originally written. This is not necessarily the composer's preferred language, also consider if the work was written with a specific performance or audience (country) in mind. See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details.<br /><br />
One [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]] can be added to this title ''(as a workaround until catalogues can have specific fields)''.<br /><br />
[[#Untitled work|Untitled works]], where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
It is recommended to use printed scores as sources for titles. For example [http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, often early editions and autographs (common places for an original title to be found).''<br /><br />
If that is not available, just <u>use the best source you can find</u>. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
===Titled works variants===<br />
*Title<br />
*Title, [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]<br />
*[[#Part numbers| Part number]]. Title<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:d2fbf91c-f3a6-4667-a892-56d615f56e23|Jeu de cartes]] ''by Stravinskij''<br />
<br />
*[[Work:426b7e1c-68e7-42cf-9cae-4ba34feddf67|The Messiah, HWV 56]] ''by G.F. Händel''<br />
*(part number example goes here)<br />
<br />
===Score overview===<br />
In the score the title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface (see [[#Overview| overview]] below. But in some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title printed in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
''Note that this is just one example of how a score could look like.''<br />
<br />
===Catalogue numbers===<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
Exact formatting depends on the specific catalogue, e.g. certain catalogues have a dot before the number etc.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Winterreise, D 911 ''by F. Schubert''<br />
*Falstaff, op. 68 ''by E. Elgar''<br />
*Missa in Angustiis, Hob. XXII:11 ''by J. Haydn''<br />
*Die Zauberflöte, K. 620 ''by W.A. Mozart''<br />
<br />
====Part works catalogue====<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
====Part ordering====<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
===Other titles===<br />
Titles not by the composer should be in aliases. This includes:<br />
* "Modern" titles, when the original title by the composer is rarely used<br />
* Nicknames, such as "Moonlight Sonata" ''(more common with untitled works)''<br />
* Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio". Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br />
* Works that have both a title by the composer and a generic version of the title (that can contain ordering numbers not in the original title)<br />
<br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard title for your specific language. More titles can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
Using the disambiguation field, can be problematic since these titles are often local, while the disambiguation field is global. E.g. a French nickname is usually translated, if it exists at all in English.<br/ ><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ''by Bach/Gounod'' '''alias''' ''(all languages)'': Ave Maria <br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ''by J.S. Bach'' '''German alias:''' Matthäus-Passion <br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]] ''by D. Schostakovich'', '''English alias:''' Moscow, Cheryomushki, Op. 105<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 1 ''by Beethoven'' '''English alias:''' Piano Sonata No. 13 in Eb-flat major, Op. 27 No. 1<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven'' '''English search hint alias:''' Moonlight Sonata<br />
* [[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]] ''by W.A. Mozart'' '''English search hint alias:''' Elvira Madigan<br />
* [[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]] ''by S. Rachmaninoff'' '''English search hint alias:''' Vespers<br />
<br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br /><br />
<br />
==Other information from the score==<br />
The information from the categories below should not be added to the title field for titled works (use the annotation if necessary), but can be useful when dealing with untitled works.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation===<br />
Ex. "for flute and piano", "for strings" etc.<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character===<br />
Ex. allegro, moderato, slow.<br />
<br />
===Key / Modus===<br />
Ex. "G-Dur", "en Si bemol", "A-flat major" etc. See the CSG-language pages for details. <br />
<br />
===Subtitle===<br />
The subtitle can contain a number of different things related to the music, usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Many times this line is added by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
<br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above) and in what language the original title should be.<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Ex. "Dem Grafen Ferdinand von Waldstein gewidmet". Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
For a lot of (especially older) vocal music ''(and instrumental music based on vocal music, e.g. chorale preludes)'', there is no explicit title. Instead the title is (a part of) the first line in the lyrics.<br /><br />
Try to find the most common length of the quote, if it is not available in the score.<br /> <br />
<br />
{{note}} Do not put quotation marks around quotes.<br /> <br />
<br />
Titles made from quotes is treated like any other titled work in MusicBrainz; nothing else is allowed in the title field except part numbers and one catalogue number.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Translations===<br />
Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br /><br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key. Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as an alias.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831 ''by J.S. Bach''<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven''<br />
*10 Märsche, um den Sieg zu verfehlen ''by Mauricio Kagel''<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". Works with lyrics always have titles, see quotes above. If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]]<br />
<br />
If and what to append to the basic form depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) when it is not needed for disambiguation '''and it is how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
For instance, if a composer only wrote one concerto for a specific instrument, ex. cello, that concerto would likely be known simply as that composer's cello concerto, the key would not be used in the title.<br/ ><br />
A prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor") while a prelude from an instrumental suite is usually referred to as the "prelude from the G-major suite", as an example.<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br /><br />
<br />
The title field should use the original instrumentation, e.g. "pianoforte". Aliases can have "modern" instruments.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
<br />
===Form/instrumentation order number===<br />
If a composer has written multiple works of the same form and instrumentation, they often get numbered chronologically. The order number goes after the instrumentation. Formatting is language-dependent.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:aacb1ab0-c740-436a-a782-ed60026cf82b|Symfonie č. 9 e moll]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll, BWV 822]]<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
{{note}} The final part of multi-part works is often listed with both "Finale" and tempo, e.g. "Finale: Allegro". This formatting should not be used anywhere else; tempo information is separate from titles and does not belong in the title field.<br /><br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, you should use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
*You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
*Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Part numbers| Part numbers] above.<br />
*Part numbers should be in the format the composer used (previously part numbers had to be Roman Numerals)<br />
*Let nicknames get separate aliases, do not add a nickname to another title.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64198User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-18T14:54:35Z<p>Symphonick: /* Title */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
#Try to establish the original title in the original language and use this in the title field.<br />
#All other titles should be in aliases.<br />
#One catalogue number can be added to the title field, but no other information, except for 4)<br />
#See untitled works when there is no explicit title or any lyrics to quote.<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field should only contain the title given by the composer, in the language the work was originally written. This is not necessarily the composer's preferred language, also consider if the work was written with a specific performance or audience (country) in mind. See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details.<br /><br />
One [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]] can be added to this title ''(as a workaround until catalogues can have specific fields)''.<br /><br />
[[#Untitled work|Untitled works]], where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
It is recommended to use printed scores as sources for titles. For example [http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, often early editions and autographs (common places for an original title to be found).''<br /><br />
If that is not available, just <u>use the best source you can find</u>. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
===Titled works variants===<br />
*Title<br />
*Title, [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]<br />
*[[#Part numbers| Part number]]. Title<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:d2fbf91c-f3a6-4667-a892-56d615f56e23|Jeu de cartes]] ''by Stravinskij''<br />
<br />
*[[Work:426b7e1c-68e7-42cf-9cae-4ba34feddf67|The Messiah, HWV 56]] ''by G.F. Händel''<br />
*(part number example goes here)<br />
<br />
===Score overview===<br />
In the score the title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface (see [[#Overview| overview]] below. But in some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title printed in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
''Note that this is just one example of how a score could look like.''<br />
<br />
===Catalogue numbers===<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
Exact formatting depends on the specific catalogue, e.g. certain catalogues have a dot before the number etc.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Winterreise, D 911 ''by F. Schubert''<br />
*Falstaff, op. 68 ''by E. Elgar''<br />
*Missa in Angustiis, Hob. XXII:11 ''by J. Haydn''<br />
*Die Zauberflöte, K. 620 ''by W.A. Mozart''<br />
<br />
====Part works catalogue====<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
====Part ordering====<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
===Other titles===<br />
Titles not by the composer should be in aliases. This includes:<br />
* "Modern" titles, when the original title by the composer is rarely used<br />
* Nicknames, such as "Moonlight Sonata" ''(more common with untitled works)''<br />
* Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio". Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br />
* Works that have both a title by the composer and a generic version of the title (that can contain ordering numbers not in the original title)<br />
<br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard title for your specific language. More titles can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
Using the disambiguation field, can be problematic since these titles are often local, while the disambiguation field is global. E.g. a French nickname is usually translated, if it exists at all in English.<br/ ><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ''by Bach/Gounod'' '''alias''' ''(all languages)'': Ave Maria <br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ''by J.S. Bach'' '''German alias:''' Matthäus-Passion <br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]] ''by D. Schostakovich'', '''English alias:''' Moscow, Cheryomushki, Op. 105<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 1 ''by Beethoven'' '''English alias:''' Piano Sonata No. 13 in Eb-flat major, Op. 27 No. 1<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven'' '''English search hint alias:''' Moonlight Sonata<br />
* [[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]] ''by W.A. Mozart'' '''English search hint alias:''' Elvira Madigan<br />
* [[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]] ''by S. Rachmaninoff'' '''English search hint alias:''' Vespers<br />
<br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br /><br />
<br />
==Other information from the score==<br />
The information from the categories below should not be added to the title field for titled works (use the annotation if necessary), but can be useful when dealing with untitled works.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation===<br />
Ex. "for flute and piano", "for strings" etc.<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character===<br />
Ex. allegro, moderato, slow.<br />
<br />
===Key / Modus===<br />
Ex. "G-Dur", "en Si bemol", "A-flat major" etc. See the CSG-language pages for details. <br />
<br />
===Subtitle===<br />
The subtitle can contain a number of different things related to the music, usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Many times this line is added by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
<br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above) and in what language the original title should be.<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Ex. "Dem Grafen Ferdinand von Waldstein gewidmet". Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
For a lot of (especially older) vocal music ''(and instrumental music based on vocal music, e.g. chorale preludes)'', there is no explicit title. Instead the title is (a part of) the first line in the lyrics.<br /><br />
Try to find the most common length of the quote, if it is not available in the score.<br /> <br />
<br />
{{note}} Do not put quotation marks around quotes.<br /> <br />
<br />
Titles made from quotes is treated like any other titled work in MusicBrainz; nothing else is allowed in the title field except part numbers and one catalogue number.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Translations===<br />
Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br /><br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key. Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as an alias.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831 ''by J.S. Bach''<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven''<br />
*10 Märsche, um den Sieg zu verfehlen ''by Mauricio Kagel''<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". Works with lyrics always have titles, see quotes above. If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]]<br />
<br />
If and what to append to the basic form depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) when it is not needed for disambiguation '''and it is how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
For instance, if a composer only wrote one concerto for a specific instrument, ex. cello, that concerto would likely be known simply as that composer's cello concerto, the key would not be used in the title.<br/ ><br />
A prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor") while a prelude from an instrumental suite is usually referred to as the "prelude from the G-major suite", as an example.<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br /><br />
<br />
The title field should use the original instrumentation, e.g. "pianoforte". Aliases can have "modern" instruments.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
<br />
===Form/instrumentation order number===<br />
If a composer has written multiple works of the same form and instrumentation, they often get numbered chronologically. The order number goes after the instrumentation. Formatting is language-dependent.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:aacb1ab0-c740-436a-a782-ed60026cf82b|Symfonie č. 9 e moll]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll, BWV 822]]<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
{{note}} The final part of multi-part works is often listed with both "Finale" and tempo, e.g. "Finale: Allegro". This formatting should not be used anywhere else; tempo information is separate from titles and does not belong in the title field.<br /><br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, you should use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
*You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
*Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Part numbers| Part numbers] above.<br />
*Part numbers should be in the format the composer used (previously part numbers had to be Roman Numerals)</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64197User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-18T11:57:25Z<p>Symphonick: /* Catalogue numbers */ examples</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
#Try to establish the original title in the original language and use this in the title field.<br />
#All other titles should be in aliases.<br />
#One catalogue number can be added to the title field, but no other information, except for 4)<br />
#See untitled works when there is no explicit title or any lyrics to quote.<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field should only contain the title given by the composer, in the language the work was originally written. This is not necessarily the composer's preferred language, also consider if the work was written with a specific performance or audience (country) in mind. See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details.<br /><br />
One [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]] can be added to this title ''(as a workaround until catalogues can have specific fields)''.<br /><br />
[[#Untitled work|Untitled works]], where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
It is recommended to use printed scores as sources for titles. For example [http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, often early editions and autographs (common places for an original title to be found).''<br /><br />
If that is not available, <u>just use the best source you can find</u>. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
===Titled works variants===<br />
*Title<br />
*Title, [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]<br />
*[[#Part numbers| Part number]]. Title<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:d2fbf91c-f3a6-4667-a892-56d615f56e23|Jeu de cartes]] ''by Stravinskij''<br />
<br />
*[[Work:426b7e1c-68e7-42cf-9cae-4ba34feddf67|The Messiah, HWV 56]] ''by G.F. Händel''<br />
*(part number example goes here)<br />
<br />
===Score overview===<br />
In the score the title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface (see [[#Overview| overview]] below. But in some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title printed in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
''Note that this is just one example of how a score could look like.''<br />
<br />
===Catalogue numbers===<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
Exact formatting depends on the specific catalogue, e.g. certain catalogues have a dot before the number etc.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Winterreise, D 911 ''by F. Schubert''<br />
*Falstaff, op. 68 ''by E. Elgar''<br />
*Missa in Angustiis, Hob. XXII:11 ''by J. Haydn''<br />
*Die Zauberflöte, K. 620 ''by W.A. Mozart''<br />
<br />
====Part works catalogue====<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
====Part ordering====<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
===Other titles===<br />
Titles not by the composer should be in aliases. This includes:<br />
* "Modern" titles, when the original title by the composer is rarely used<br />
* Nicknames, such as "Moonlight Sonata" ''(more common with untitled works)''<br />
* Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio". Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br />
* Works that have both a title by the composer and a generic version of the title (that can contain ordering numbers not in the original title)<br />
<br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard title for your specific language. More titles can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
Using the disambiguation field, can be problematic since these titles are often local, while the disambiguation field is global. E.g. a French nickname is usually translated, if it exists at all in English.<br/ ><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ''by Bach/Gounod'' '''alias''' ''(all languages)'': Ave Maria <br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ''by J.S. Bach'' '''German alias:''' Matthäus-Passion <br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]] ''by D. Schostakovich'', '''English alias:''' Moscow, Cheryomushki, Op. 105<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 1 ''by Beethoven'' '''English alias:''' Piano Sonata No. 13 in Eb-flat major, Op. 27 No. 1<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven'' '''English search hint alias:''' Moonlight Sonata<br />
* [[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]] ''by W.A. Mozart'' '''English search hint alias:''' Elvira Madigan<br />
* [[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]] ''by S. Rachmaninoff'' '''English search hint alias:''' Vespers<br />
<br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br /><br />
<br />
==Other information from the score==<br />
The information from the categories below should not be added to the title field for titled works (use the annotation if necessary), but can be useful when dealing with untitled works.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation===<br />
Ex. "for flute and piano", "for strings" etc.<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character===<br />
Ex. allegro, moderato, slow.<br />
<br />
===Key / Modus===<br />
Ex. "G-Dur", "en Si bemol", "A-flat major" etc. See the CSG-language pages for details. <br />
<br />
===Subtitle===<br />
The subtitle can contain a number of different things related to the music, usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Many times this line is added by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
<br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above) and in what language the original title should be.<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Ex. "Dem Grafen Ferdinand von Waldstein gewidmet". Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
For a lot of (especially older) vocal music ''(and instrumental music based on vocal music, e.g. chorale preludes)'', there is no explicit title. Instead the title is (a part of) the first line in the lyrics.<br /><br />
Try to find the most common length of the quote, if it is not available in the score.<br /> <br />
<br />
{{note}} Do not put quotation marks around quotes.<br /> <br />
<br />
Titles made from quotes is treated like any other titled work in MusicBrainz; nothing else is allowed in the title field except part numbers and one catalogue number.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Translations===<br />
Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br /><br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key. Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as an alias.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831 ''by J.S. Bach''<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven''<br />
*10 Märsche, um den Sieg zu verfehlen ''by Mauricio Kagel''<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". Works with lyrics always have titles, see quotes above. If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]]<br />
<br />
If and what to append to the basic form depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) when it is not needed for disambiguation '''and it is how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
For instance, if a composer only wrote one concerto for a specific instrument, ex. cello, that concerto would likely be known simply as that composer's cello concerto, the key would not be used in the title.<br/ ><br />
A prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor") while a prelude from an instrumental suite is usually referred to as the "prelude from the G-major suite", as an example.<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br /><br />
<br />
The title field should use the original instrumentation, e.g. "pianoforte". Aliases can have "modern" instruments.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
<br />
===Form/instrumentation order number===<br />
If a composer has written multiple works of the same form and instrumentation, they often get numbered chronologically. The order number goes after the instrumentation. Formatting is language-dependent.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:aacb1ab0-c740-436a-a782-ed60026cf82b|Symfonie č. 9 e moll]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll, BWV 822]]<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
{{note}} The final part of multi-part works is often listed with both "Finale" and tempo, e.g. "Finale: Allegro". This formatting should not be used anywhere else; tempo information is separate from titles and does not belong in the title field.<br /><br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, you should use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
*You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
*Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Part numbers| Part numbers] above.<br />
*Part numbers should be in the format the composer used (previously part numbers had to be Roman Numerals)</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64196User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-18T11:33:01Z<p>Symphonick: /* Title */ caps</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
#Try to establish the original title in the original language and use this in the title field.<br />
#All other titles should be in aliases.<br />
#One catalogue number can be added to the title field, but no other information, except for 4)<br />
#See untitled works when there is no explicit title or any lyrics to quote.<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field should only contain the title given by the composer, in the language the work was originally written. This is not necessarily the composer's preferred language, also consider if the work was written with a specific performance or audience (country) in mind. See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details.<br /><br />
One [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]] can be added to this title ''(as a workaround until catalogues can have specific fields)''.<br /><br />
[[#Untitled work|Untitled works]], where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
It is recommended to use printed scores as sources for titles. For example [http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, often early editions and autographs (common places for an original title to be found).''<br /><br />
If that is not available, <u>just use the best source you can find</u>. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
===Titled works variants===<br />
*Title<br />
*Title, [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]<br />
*[[#Part numbers| Part number]]. Title<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:d2fbf91c-f3a6-4667-a892-56d615f56e23|Jeu de cartes]] ''by Stravinskij''<br />
<br />
*[[Work:426b7e1c-68e7-42cf-9cae-4ba34feddf67|The Messiah, HWV 56]] ''by G.F. Händel''<br />
*(part number example goes here)<br />
<br />
===Score overview===<br />
In the score the title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface (see [[#Overview| overview]] below. But in some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title printed in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
''Note that this is just one example of how a score could look like.''<br />
<br />
===Catalogue numbers===<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*<br />
<br />
====Part works catalogue====<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
====Part ordering====<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
===Other titles===<br />
Titles not by the composer should be in aliases. This includes:<br />
* "Modern" titles, when the original title by the composer is rarely used<br />
* Nicknames, such as "Moonlight Sonata" ''(more common with untitled works)''<br />
* Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio". Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br />
* Works that have both a title by the composer and a generic version of the title (that can contain ordering numbers not in the original title)<br />
<br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard title for your specific language. More titles can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
Using the disambiguation field, can be problematic since these titles are often local, while the disambiguation field is global. E.g. a French nickname is usually translated, if it exists at all in English.<br/ ><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ''by Bach/Gounod'' '''alias''' ''(all languages)'': Ave Maria <br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ''by J.S. Bach'' '''German alias:''' Matthäus-Passion <br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]] ''by D. Schostakovich'', '''English alias:''' Moscow, Cheryomushki, Op. 105<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 1 ''by Beethoven'' '''English alias:''' Piano Sonata No. 13 in Eb-flat major, Op. 27 No. 1<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven'' '''English search hint alias:''' Moonlight Sonata<br />
* [[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]] ''by W.A. Mozart'' '''English search hint alias:''' Elvira Madigan<br />
* [[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]] ''by S. Rachmaninoff'' '''English search hint alias:''' Vespers<br />
<br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br /><br />
<br />
==Other information from the score==<br />
The information from the categories below should not be added to the title field for titled works (use the annotation if necessary), but can be useful when dealing with untitled works.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation===<br />
Ex. "for flute and piano", "for strings" etc.<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character===<br />
Ex. allegro, moderato, slow.<br />
<br />
===Key / Modus===<br />
Ex. "G-Dur", "en Si bemol", "A-flat major" etc. See the CSG-language pages for details. <br />
<br />
===Subtitle===<br />
The subtitle can contain a number of different things related to the music, usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Many times this line is added by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
<br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above) and in what language the original title should be.<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Ex. "Dem Grafen Ferdinand von Waldstein gewidmet". Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
For a lot of (especially older) vocal music ''(and instrumental music based on vocal music, e.g. chorale preludes)'', there is no explicit title. Instead the title is (a part of) the first line in the lyrics.<br /><br />
Try to find the most common length of the quote, if it is not available in the score.<br /> <br />
<br />
{{note}} Do not put quotation marks around quotes.<br /> <br />
<br />
Titles made from quotes is treated like any other titled work in MusicBrainz; nothing else is allowed in the title field except part numbers and one catalogue number.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Translations===<br />
Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br /><br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key. Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as an alias.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831 ''by J.S. Bach''<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven''<br />
*10 Märsche, um den Sieg zu verfehlen ''by Mauricio Kagel''<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". Works with lyrics always have titles, see quotes above. If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]]<br />
<br />
If and what to append to the basic form depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) when it is not needed for disambiguation '''and it is how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
For instance, if a composer only wrote one concerto for a specific instrument, ex. cello, that concerto would likely be known simply as that composer's cello concerto, the key would not be used in the title.<br/ ><br />
A prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor") while a prelude from an instrumental suite is usually referred to as the "prelude from the G-major suite", as an example.<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br /><br />
<br />
The title field should use the original instrumentation, e.g. "pianoforte". Aliases can have "modern" instruments.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
<br />
===Form/instrumentation order number===<br />
If a composer has written multiple works of the same form and instrumentation, they often get numbered chronologically. The order number goes after the instrumentation. Formatting is language-dependent.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:aacb1ab0-c740-436a-a782-ed60026cf82b|Symfonie č. 9 e moll]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll, BWV 822]]<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
{{note}} The final part of multi-part works is often listed with both "Finale" and tempo, e.g. "Finale: Allegro". This formatting should not be used anywhere else; tempo information is separate from titles and does not belong in the title field.<br /><br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, you should use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
*You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
*Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Part numbers| Part numbers] above.<br />
*Part numbers should be in the format the composer used (previously part numbers had to be Roman Numerals)</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64195User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-18T11:27:14Z<p>Symphonick: /* Title */ rephrasing</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
#Try to establish the original title in the original language and use this in the title field.<br />
#All other titles should be in aliases.<br />
#One catalogue number can be added to the title field, but no other information, except for 4)<br />
#See untitled works when there is no explicit title or any lyrics to quote.<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field should only contain the title given by the composer, in the language the work was originally written. This is not necessarily the composer's preferred language, also consider if the work was written with a specific performance or audience (country) in mind. See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details.<br /><br />
One [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]] can be added to this title ''(as a workaround until catalogues can have specific fields)''.<br /><br />
[[#Untitled work|untitled works]], where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
It is recommended to use printed scores as sources for titles. For example [http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, often early editions and autographs (common places for an original title to be found).''<br /><br />
If that is not available, <u>just use the best source you can find</u>. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
===Titled works variants===<br />
*Title<br />
*Title, [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]<br />
*[[#Part numbers| Part number]]. Title<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:d2fbf91c-f3a6-4667-a892-56d615f56e23|Jeu de cartes]] ''by Stravinskij''<br />
<br />
*[[Work:426b7e1c-68e7-42cf-9cae-4ba34feddf67|The Messiah, HWV 56]] ''by G.F. Händel''<br />
*(part number example goes here)<br />
<br />
===Score overview===<br />
In the score the title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface (see [[#Overview| overview]] below. But in some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title printed in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
''Note that this is just one example of how a score could look like.''<br />
<br />
===Catalogue numbers===<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*<br />
<br />
====Part works catalogue====<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
====Part ordering====<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
===Other titles===<br />
Titles not by the composer should be in aliases. This includes:<br />
* "Modern" titles, when the original title by the composer is rarely used<br />
* Nicknames, such as "Moonlight Sonata" ''(more common with untitled works)''<br />
* Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio". Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br />
* Works that have both a title by the composer and a generic version of the title (that can contain ordering numbers not in the original title)<br />
<br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard title for your specific language. More titles can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
Using the disambiguation field, can be problematic since these titles are often local, while the disambiguation field is global. E.g. a French nickname is usually translated, if it exists at all in English.<br/ ><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ''by Bach/Gounod'' '''alias''' ''(all languages)'': Ave Maria <br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ''by J.S. Bach'' '''German alias:''' Matthäus-Passion <br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]] ''by D. Schostakovich'', '''English alias:''' Moscow, Cheryomushki, Op. 105<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 1 ''by Beethoven'' '''English alias:''' Piano Sonata No. 13 in Eb-flat major, Op. 27 No. 1<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven'' '''English search hint alias:''' Moonlight Sonata<br />
* [[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]] ''by W.A. Mozart'' '''English search hint alias:''' Elvira Madigan<br />
* [[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]] ''by S. Rachmaninoff'' '''English search hint alias:''' Vespers<br />
<br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br /><br />
<br />
==Other information from the score==<br />
The information from the categories below should not be added to the title field for titled works (use the annotation if necessary), but can be useful when dealing with untitled works.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation===<br />
Ex. "for flute and piano", "for strings" etc.<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character===<br />
Ex. allegro, moderato, slow.<br />
<br />
===Key / Modus===<br />
Ex. "G-Dur", "en Si bemol", "A-flat major" etc. See the CSG-language pages for details. <br />
<br />
===Subtitle===<br />
The subtitle can contain a number of different things related to the music, usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Many times this line is added by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
<br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above) and in what language the original title should be.<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Ex. "Dem Grafen Ferdinand von Waldstein gewidmet". Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
For a lot of (especially older) vocal music ''(and instrumental music based on vocal music, e.g. chorale preludes)'', there is no explicit title. Instead the title is (a part of) the first line in the lyrics.<br /><br />
Try to find the most common length of the quote, if it is not available in the score.<br /> <br />
<br />
{{note}} Do not put quotation marks around quotes.<br /> <br />
<br />
Titles made from quotes is treated like any other titled work in MusicBrainz; nothing else is allowed in the title field except part numbers and one catalogue number.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Translations===<br />
Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br /><br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key. Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as an alias.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831 ''by J.S. Bach''<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven''<br />
*10 Märsche, um den Sieg zu verfehlen ''by Mauricio Kagel''<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". Works with lyrics always have titles, see quotes above. If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]]<br />
<br />
If and what to append to the basic form depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) when it is not needed for disambiguation '''and it is how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
For instance, if a composer only wrote one concerto for a specific instrument, ex. cello, that concerto would likely be known simply as that composer's cello concerto, the key would not be used in the title.<br/ ><br />
A prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor") while a prelude from an instrumental suite is usually referred to as the "prelude from the G-major suite", as an example.<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br /><br />
<br />
The title field should use the original instrumentation, e.g. "pianoforte". Aliases can have "modern" instruments.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
<br />
===Form/instrumentation order number===<br />
If a composer has written multiple works of the same form and instrumentation, they often get numbered chronologically. The order number goes after the instrumentation. Formatting is language-dependent.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:aacb1ab0-c740-436a-a782-ed60026cf82b|Symfonie č. 9 e moll]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll, BWV 822]]<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
{{note}} The final part of multi-part works is often listed with both "Finale" and tempo, e.g. "Finale: Allegro". This formatting should not be used anywhere else; tempo information is separate from titles and does not belong in the title field.<br /><br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, you should use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
*You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
*Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Part numbers| Part numbers] above.<br />
*Part numbers should be in the format the composer used (previously part numbers had to be Roman Numerals)</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64194User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-18T11:11:58Z<p>Symphonick: /* Generic titles by the composer */ more examples</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
#Try to establish the original title in the original language and use this in the title field.<br />
#All other titles should be in aliases.<br />
#One catalogue number can be added to the title field, but no other information, except for 4)<br />
#See untitled works when there is no explicit title or any lyrics to quote.<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field should only contain the title given by the composer, in the language the work was originally written. This is not necessarily the composer's preferred language, also consider if the work was written with a specific performance or audience (country) in mind. See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details.<br /><br />
One [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]] can be added to this title ''(as a workaround until catalogues can have specific fields)''.<br /><br />
[[#Untitled work|untitled works]], where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
It is recommended to use printed scores as sources for titles. For example [http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, often early editions and autographs, which is probably the best places to find the original title.''<br /><br />
If that is not available, just use the best source you can find. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
===Titled works variants===<br />
*Title<br />
*Title, [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]<br />
*[[#Part numbers| Part number]]. Title<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:d2fbf91c-f3a6-4667-a892-56d615f56e23|Jeu de cartes]] ''by Stravinskij''<br />
<br />
*[[Work:426b7e1c-68e7-42cf-9cae-4ba34feddf67|The Messiah, HWV 56]] ''by G.F. Händel''<br />
*(part number example goes here)<br />
<br />
===Score overview===<br />
In the score the title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface (see [[#Overview| overview]] below. But in some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title printed in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
''Note that this is just one example of how a score could look like.''<br />
<br />
===Catalogue numbers===<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*<br />
<br />
====Part works catalogue====<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
====Part ordering====<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
===Other titles===<br />
Titles not by the composer should be in aliases. This includes:<br />
* "Modern" titles, when the original title by the composer is rarely used<br />
* Nicknames, such as "Moonlight Sonata" ''(more common with untitled works)''<br />
* Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio". Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br />
* Works that have both a title by the composer and a generic version of the title (that can contain ordering numbers not in the original title)<br />
<br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard title for your specific language. More titles can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
Using the disambiguation field, can be problematic since these titles are often local, while the disambiguation field is global. E.g. a French nickname is usually translated, if it exists at all in English.<br/ ><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ''by Bach/Gounod'' '''alias''' ''(all languages)'': Ave Maria <br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ''by J.S. Bach'' '''German alias:''' Matthäus-Passion <br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]] ''by D. Schostakovich'', '''English alias:''' Moscow, Cheryomushki, Op. 105<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 1 ''by Beethoven'' '''English alias:''' Piano Sonata No. 13 in Eb-flat major, Op. 27 No. 1<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven'' '''English search hint alias:''' Moonlight Sonata<br />
* [[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]] ''by W.A. Mozart'' '''English search hint alias:''' Elvira Madigan<br />
* [[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]] ''by S. Rachmaninoff'' '''English search hint alias:''' Vespers<br />
<br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br /><br />
<br />
==Other information from the score==<br />
The information from the categories below should not be added to the title field for titled works (use the annotation if necessary), but can be useful when dealing with untitled works.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation===<br />
Ex. "for flute and piano", "for strings" etc.<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character===<br />
Ex. allegro, moderato, slow.<br />
<br />
===Key / Modus===<br />
Ex. "G-Dur", "en Si bemol", "A-flat major" etc. See the CSG-language pages for details. <br />
<br />
===Subtitle===<br />
The subtitle can contain a number of different things related to the music, usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Many times this line is added by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
<br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above) and in what language the original title should be.<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Ex. "Dem Grafen Ferdinand von Waldstein gewidmet". Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
For a lot of (especially older) vocal music ''(and instrumental music based on vocal music, e.g. chorale preludes)'', there is no explicit title. Instead the title is (a part of) the first line in the lyrics.<br /><br />
Try to find the most common length of the quote, if it is not available in the score.<br /> <br />
<br />
{{note}} Do not put quotation marks around quotes.<br /> <br />
<br />
Titles made from quotes is treated like any other titled work in MusicBrainz; nothing else is allowed in the title field except part numbers and one catalogue number.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Translations===<br />
Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br /><br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key. Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as an alias.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831 ''by J.S. Bach''<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven''<br />
*10 Märsche, um den Sieg zu verfehlen ''by Mauricio Kagel''<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". Works with lyrics always have titles, see quotes above. If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]]<br />
<br />
If and what to append to the basic form depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) when it is not needed for disambiguation '''and it is how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
For instance, if a composer only wrote one concerto for a specific instrument, ex. cello, that concerto would likely be known simply as that composer's cello concerto, the key would not be used in the title.<br/ ><br />
A prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor") while a prelude from an instrumental suite is usually referred to as the "prelude from the G-major suite", as an example.<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br /><br />
<br />
The title field should use the original instrumentation, e.g. "pianoforte". Aliases can have "modern" instruments.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
<br />
===Form/instrumentation order number===<br />
If a composer has written multiple works of the same form and instrumentation, they often get numbered chronologically. The order number goes after the instrumentation. Formatting is language-dependent.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:aacb1ab0-c740-436a-a782-ed60026cf82b|Symfonie č. 9 e moll]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll, BWV 822]]<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
{{note}} The final part of multi-part works is often listed with both "Finale" and tempo, e.g. "Finale: Allegro". This formatting should not be used anywhere else; tempo information is separate from titles and does not belong in the title field.<br /><br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, you should use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
*You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
*Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Part numbers| Part numbers] above.<br />
*Part numbers should be in the format the composer used (previously part numbers had to be Roman Numerals)</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64193User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-17T19:52:58Z<p>Symphonick: qoutes + more</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
#Try to establish the original title in the original language and use this in the title field.<br />
#All other titles should be in aliases.<br />
#One catalogue number can be added to the title field, but no other information, except for 4)<br />
#See untitled works when there is no explicit title or any lyrics to quote.<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field should only contain the title given by the composer, in the language the work was originally written. This is not necessarily the composer's preferred language, also consider if the work was written with a specific performance or audience (country) in mind. See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details.<br /><br />
One [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]] can be added to this title ''(as a workaround until catalogues can have specific fields)''.<br /><br />
[[#Untitled work|untitled works]], where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
It is recommended to use printed scores as sources for titles. For example [http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, often early editions and autographs, which is probably the best places to find the original title.''<br /><br />
If that is not available, just use the best source you can find. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
===Titled works variants===<br />
*Title<br />
*Title, [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]<br />
*[[#Part numbers| Part number]]. Title<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:d2fbf91c-f3a6-4667-a892-56d615f56e23|Jeu de cartes]] ''by Stravinskij''<br />
<br />
*[[Work:426b7e1c-68e7-42cf-9cae-4ba34feddf67|The Messiah, HWV 56]] ''by G.F. Händel''<br />
*(part number example goes here)<br />
<br />
===Score overview===<br />
In the score the title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface (see [[#Overview| overview]] below. But in some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title printed in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
''Note that this is just one example of how a score could look like.''<br />
<br />
===Catalogue numbers===<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*<br />
<br />
====Part works catalogue====<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
====Part ordering====<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
===Other titles===<br />
Titles not by the composer should be in aliases. This includes:<br />
* "Modern" titles, when the original title by the composer is rarely used<br />
* Nicknames, such as "Moonlight Sonata" ''(more common with untitled works)''<br />
* Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio". Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br />
* Works that have both a title by the composer and a generic version of the title (that can contain ordering numbers not in the original title)<br />
<br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard title for your specific language. More titles can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
Using the disambiguation field, can be problematic since these titles are often local, while the disambiguation field is global. E.g. a French nickname is usually translated, if it exists at all in English.<br/ ><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ''by Bach/Gounod'' '''alias''' ''(all languages)'': Ave Maria <br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ''by J.S. Bach'' '''German alias:''' Matthäus-Passion <br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]] ''by D. Schostakovich'', '''English alias:''' Moscow, Cheryomushki, Op. 105<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 1 ''by Beethoven'' '''English alias:''' Piano Sonata No. 13 in Eb-flat major, Op. 27 No. 1<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven'' '''English search hint alias:''' Moonlight Sonata<br />
* [[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]] ''by W.A. Mozart'' '''English search hint alias:''' Elvira Madigan<br />
* [[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]] ''by S. Rachmaninoff'' '''English search hint alias:''' Vespers<br />
<br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br /><br />
<br />
==Other information from the score==<br />
The information from the categories below should not be added to the title field for titled works (use the annotation if necessary), but can be useful when dealing with untitled works.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation===<br />
Ex. "for flute and piano", "for strings" etc.<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character===<br />
Ex. allegro, moderato, slow.<br />
<br />
===Key / Modus===<br />
Ex. "G-Dur", "en Si bemol", "A-flat major" etc. See the CSG-language pages for details. <br />
<br />
===Subtitle===<br />
The subtitle can contain a number of different things related to the music, usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Many times this line is added by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
<br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above) and in what language the original title should be.<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Ex. "Dem Grafen Ferdinand von Waldstein gewidmet". Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
For a lot of (especially older) vocal music ''(and instrumental music based on vocal music, e.g. chorale preludes)'', there is no explicit title. Instead the title is (a part of) the first line in the lyrics.<br /><br />
Try to find the most common length of the quote, if it is not available in the score.<br /> <br />
<br />
{{note}} Do not put quotation marks around quotes.<br /> <br />
<br />
Titles made from quotes is treated like any other titled work in MusicBrainz; nothing else is allowed in the title field except part numbers and one catalogue number.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Translations===<br />
Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br /><br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key. Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as an alias.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". Works with lyrics always have titles, see quotes above. If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]]<br />
<br />
If and what to append to the basic form depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) when it is not needed for disambiguation '''and it is how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
For instance, if a composer only wrote one concerto for a specific instrument, ex. cello, that concerto would likely be known simply as that composer's cello concerto, the key would not be used in the title.<br/ ><br />
A prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor") while a prelude from an instrumental suite is usually referred to as the "prelude from the G-major suite", as an example.<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br /><br />
<br />
The title field should use the original instrumentation, e.g. "pianoforte". Aliases can have "modern" instruments.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
<br />
===Form/instrumentation order number===<br />
If a composer has written multiple works of the same form and instrumentation, they often get numbered chronologically. The order number goes after the instrumentation. Formatting is language-dependent.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:aacb1ab0-c740-436a-a782-ed60026cf82b|Symfonie č. 9 e moll]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll, BWV 822]]<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
{{note}} The final part of multi-part works is often listed with both "Finale" and tempo, e.g. "Finale: Allegro". This formatting should not be used anywhere else; tempo information is separate from titles and does not belong in the title field.<br /><br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, you should use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
*You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
*Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Part numbers| Part numbers] above.<br />
*Part numbers should be in the format the composer used (previously part numbers had to be Roman Numerals)</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64192User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-17T10:18:22Z<p>Symphonick: reworking part deux</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
#Try to establish the original title in the original language and use this in the title field.<br />
#All other titles should be in aliases.<br />
#One catalogue number can be added to the title field, but no other information, except for 4)<br />
#See untitled works when there is no explicit title or any lyrics to quote.<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field should only contain the title given by the composer, in the language the work was originally written. This is not necessarily the composer's preferred language, also consider if the work was written with a specific performance or audience (country) in mind. See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details.<br /><br />
One [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]] can be added to this title ''(as a workaround until catalogues can have specific fields)''.<br /><br />
[[#Untitled work|untitled works]], where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
It is recommended to use printed scores as sources for titles. For example [http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, often early editions and autographs, which is probably the best places to find the original title.''<br /><br />
If that is not available, just use the best source you can find. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
===Overview===<br />
In the score the title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface (see [[#Overview| overview]] below. But in some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title printed in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
''Note that this is just one example of how a score could look like.''<br />
<br />
===Catalogue numbers===<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*<br />
<br />
====Part works catalogue====<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
===Part numbers===<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
====Part ordering====<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
===Other titles===<br />
Titles not by the composer should be in aliases. This includes:<br />
* "Modern" titles, when the original title by the composer is rarely used<br />
* Nicknames, such as "Moonlight Sonata" ''(more common with untitled works)''<br />
* Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio". Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br />
* Works that have both a title by the composer and a generic version of the title (that can contain ordering numbers not in the original title)<br />
<br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard title for your specific language. More titles can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
Using the disambiguation field, can be problematic since these titles are often local, while the disambiguation field is global. E.g. a French nickname is usually translated, if it exists at all in English.<br/ ><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ''by Bach/Gounod'' '''alias''' ''(all languages)'': Ave Maria <br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ''by J.S. Bach'' '''German alias:''' Matthäus-Passion <br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]] ''by D. Schostakovich'', '''English alias:''' Moscow, Cheryomushki, Op. 105<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 1 ''by Beethoven'' '''English alias:''' Piano Sonata No. 13 in Eb-flat major, Op. 27 No. 1<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ''by Beethoven'' '''English search hint alias:''' Moonlight Sonata<br />
* [[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]] ''by W.A. Mozart'' '''English search hint alias:''' Elvira Madigan<br />
* [[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]] ''by S. Rachmaninoff'' '''English search hint alias:''' Vespers<br />
<br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br /><br />
<br />
==Other information from the score==<br />
The information from the categories below should not be added to the title field for titled works (use the annotation if necessary), but can be useful when dealing with untitled works.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation===<br />
Ex. "for flute and piano", "for strings" etc.<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character===<br />
Ex. allegro, moderato, slow.<br />
<br />
===Key / Modus===<br />
Ex. "G-Dur", "en Si bemol", "A-flat major" etc. See the CSG-language pages for details. <br />
<br />
===Subtitle===<br />
The subtitle can contain a number of different things related to the music, usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Many times this line is added by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
<br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above) and in what language the original title should be.<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Ex. "Dem Grafen Ferdinand von Waldstein gewidmet". Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
Especially in older vocal music, the title can be made up of (a part of) the first line in the lyrics. Do not use quotation marks, and try to find a good source for the length of the quote if not available in the score.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Translations===<br />
Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br /><br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key. Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as an alias.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". Works with lyrics always have titles, see quotes above. If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]]<br />
<br />
If and what to append to the basic form depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) when it is not needed for disambiguation '''and it is how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
For instance, if a composer only wrote one concerto for a specific instrument, ex. cello, that concerto would likely be known simply as that composer's cello concerto, the key would not be used in the title.<br/ ><br />
A prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor") while a prelude from an instrumental suite is usually referred to as the "prelude from the G-major suite", as an example.<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br /><br />
<br />
The title field should use the original instrumentation, e.g. "pianoforte". Aliases can have "modern" instruments.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll, BWV 822]]<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
{{note}} The final part of multi-part works is often listed with both "Finale" and tempo, e.g. "Finale: Allegro". This formatting should not be used anywhere else; tempo information is separate from titles and does not belong in the title field.<br /><br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, you should use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
* You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
* Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Multi-part works| Multi-part works] above.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64190User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-17T09:01:57Z<p>Symphonick: summary & reworking parte prima</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
#Try to establish the original title in the original language and use this in the title field.<br />
#All other titles should be in aliases.<br />
#One catalogue number can be added to the title field, but no other information, except for 4)<br />
#See untitled works when there is no explicit title or any lyrics to quote.<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field should only contain the title given by the composer, in the language the work was originally written.<br /><br />
One [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]] can be added to this title ''(as a workaround until catalogues can have specific fields)''.<br /><br />
[[#Untitled work|untitled works]], where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
It is recommended to use printed scores as sources for titles. For example [http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, often early editions and autographs, which is probably the best places to find the original title.''<br /><br />
If that is not available, just use the best source you can find. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
===Overview===<br />
In the score the title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface (see [[#Overview| overview]] below. But in some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title printed in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
''Note that this is just one example of how a score could look like.''<br />
<br />
===Other titles===<br />
If the original title by the composer is rarely used, put the "modern" title in the disambiguation comment field.<br /><br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ("Ave Maria") ''by Bach/Gounod''<br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ("Matthäus-Passion") ''by J.S. Bach<br />
<br />
===Language===<br />
As stated before, the title should be expressed in the language the work was originally written.<br />
If a work is available with translated titles and it is unclear which is the original, use the language of the first performance (if the work was written with a specific performance or audience in mind). If this fails, use the composer's preferred language, usually found in the autograph or first edition.<br /><br />
<br />
See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details. Also see below for untitled / generic titled works.<br />
<br />
{{note}} Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]] ''by D. Schostakovich''<br />
<br />
====Translated titles====<br />
Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio" should be entered as aliases. <br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard translation for your specific language.<br />
More translations can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br /><br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Moscow, Cheryomushki, Op. 105 ''by D. Schostakovich''<br />
<br />
===Nicknames===<br />
Nicknames, such as "Moonlight Sonata" are not by the composer. Untitled works are more likely to have nicknames.<br/ ><br />
If a nickname is printed in a score, it will probably be clearly marked with quotes and/or brackets, e.g. ("Appassionata").<br/ ><br />
<br />
Nicknames should not be added to the title field, but is recommended as search hint aliases, and in annotations.<br/ ><br />
You can use the disambiguation field, but it can be problematic since nicknames are local, while the disambiguation field is global. A French nickname is usually translated, if it exists at all in English.<br/ ><br />
<br />
''Examples of nicknames in the disambiguation field:''<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ("Moonlight Sonata") ''by Beethoven''<br />
* [[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]] (“Elvira Madigan”) ''by W.A. Mozart''<br />
* [[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]] (“Vespers”) ''by S. Rachmaninoff''<br />
<br />
Also read [[#Archaic titles| "Archaic titles"]] above.<br />
<br />
==Subtitle==<br />
The subtitle can contain a number of different things related to the music, usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Many times this line is added by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
<br />
For titled works, the subtitle can be stored in an annotation. Adding the subtitle to the title field is not recommended.<br /><br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above).<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page. Dedications can be put in annotations.<br />
<br />
==Instrumentation==<br />
There is currently no fields for instrumentation in MusicBrainz, use an annotation.<br />
<br />
==Tempo / character==<br />
Musicbrainz has currently no field for storing the tempo of a work. The annotation can be used for this purpose.<br />
<br />
==Key / Modus==<br />
There is no field for keys in MusicBrainz currently. Keys should not be added to work titles, but can be stored in annotations.<br />
<br />
==Catalogue numbers==<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*<br />
<br />
===Catalogue of parts===<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
==Part numbers==<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
===Part ordering===<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
Especially in older vocal music, the title can be made up of (a part of) the first line in the lyrics. Do not use quotation marks, and try to find a good source for the length of the quote if not available in the score.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as a search hint alias, if you want.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". Works with lyrics always have titles, see quotes above. If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]]<br />
<br />
If and what to append to the basic form depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) when it is not needed for disambiguation '''and it is how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
For instance, if a composer only wrote one concerto for a specific instrument, ex. cello, that concerto would likely be known simply as that composer's cello concerto, the key would not be used in the title.<br/ ><br />
A prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor") while a prelude from an instrumental suite is usually referred to as the "prelude from the G-major suite", as an example.<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Language for untitled works===<br />
Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll, BWV 822]]<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
{{note}} The final part of multi-part works is often listed with both "Finale" and tempo, e.g. "Finale: Allegro". This formatting should not be used anywhere else; tempo information is separate from titles and does not belong in the title field.<br /><br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, you should use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
* You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
* Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Multi-part works| Multi-part works] above.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64166User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-14T09:51:36Z<p>Symphonick: /* Nicknames */ update</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field in MusicBrainz should only contain the title given by the composer, sometimes along with a [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]].<br /><br />
So called [[#Untitled work|untitled works]], or "generic" works, where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
The title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface. In some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:561b8302-1b1a-3b7e-b4dd-ea3f8e0b3258|The Lark Ascending]] ''by Vaughan Williams''<br />
*I Crisantemi ''by Puccini''<br />
*[[Work:45efd8f4-4c40-4145-9e5c-4d11ed7babde|Carmen]] ''by Georges Bizet''<br />
<br />
===Sources===<br />
It is recommended to use a reliable printed source for titles, such as a recent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urtext_edition| urtext edition]. <br />
If that is not available, just use the best source you can find. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
*''Publishing companies (Bärenreiter, Henle etc) sometimes list titles on their websites. <br />
*[http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, mostly early editions or user-generated scores, but sometimes also autographs.''<br />
<br />
{{note}} Wikipedia and similar online sources cannot be considered reliable in this context.<br />
<br />
===Archaic titles===<br />
If the original title by the composer is rarely used, put the "modern" title in the disambiguation comment field.<br /><br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ("Ave Maria") ''by Bach/Gounod''<br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ("Matthäus-Passion") ''by J.S. Bach<br />
<br />
===Language===<br />
As stated before, the title should be expressed in the language the work was originally written.<br />
If a work is available with translated titles and it is unclear which is the original, use the language of the first performance (if the work was written with a specific performance or audience in mind). If this fails, use the composer's preferred language, usually found in the autograph or first edition.<br /><br />
<br />
See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details. Also see below for untitled / generic titled works.<br />
<br />
{{note}} Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]] ''by D. Schostakovich''<br />
<br />
====Translated titles====<br />
Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio" should be entered as aliases. <br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard translation for your specific language.<br />
More translations can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br /><br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Moscow, Cheryomushki, Op. 105 ''by D. Schostakovich''<br />
<br />
===Nicknames===<br />
Nicknames, such as "Moonlight Sonata" are not by the composer. Untitled works are more likely to have nicknames.<br/ ><br />
If a nickname is printed in a score, it will probably be clearly marked with quotes and/or brackets, e.g. ("Appassionata").<br/ ><br />
<br />
Nicknames should not be added to the title field, but is recommended as search hint aliases, and in annotations.<br/ ><br />
You can use the disambiguation field, but it can be problematic since nicknames are local, while the disambiguation field is global. A French nickname is usually translated, if it exists at all in English.<br/ ><br />
<br />
''Examples of nicknames in the disambiguation field:''<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ("Moonlight Sonata") ''by Beethoven''<br />
* [[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]] (“Elvira Madigan”) ''by W.A. Mozart''<br />
* [[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]] (“Vespers”) ''by S. Rachmaninoff''<br />
<br />
Also read [[#Archaic titles| "Archaic titles"]] above.<br />
<br />
==Subtitle==<br />
The subtitle can contain a number of different things related to the music, usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Many times this line is added by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
<br />
For titled works, the subtitle can be stored in an annotation. Adding the subtitle to the title field is not recommended.<br /><br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above).<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page. Dedications can be put in annotations.<br />
<br />
==Instrumentation==<br />
There is currently no fields for instrumentation in MusicBrainz, use an annotation.<br />
<br />
==Tempo / character==<br />
Musicbrainz has currently no field for storing the tempo of a work. The annotation can be used for this purpose.<br />
<br />
==Key / Modus==<br />
There is no field for keys in MusicBrainz currently. Keys should not be added to work titles, but can be stored in annotations.<br />
<br />
==Catalogue numbers==<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*<br />
<br />
===Catalogue of parts===<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
==Part numbers==<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
===Part ordering===<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
Especially in older vocal music, the title can be made up of (a part of) the first line in the lyrics. Do not use quotation marks, and try to find a good source for the length of the quote if not available in the score.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as a search hint alias, if you want.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". Works with lyrics always have titles, see quotes above. If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]]<br />
<br />
If and what to append to the basic form depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) when it is not needed for disambiguation '''and it is how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
For instance, if a composer only wrote one concerto for a specific instrument, ex. cello, that concerto would likely be known simply as that composer's cello concerto, the key would not be used in the title.<br/ ><br />
A prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor") while a prelude from an instrumental suite is usually referred to as the "prelude from the G-major suite", as an example.<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Language for untitled works===<br />
Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll, BWV 822]]<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
{{note}} The final part of multi-part works is often listed with both "Finale" and tempo, e.g. "Finale: Allegro". This formatting should not be used anywhere else; tempo information is separate from titles and does not belong in the title field.<br /><br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, you should use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
* You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
* Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Multi-part works| Multi-part works] above.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64144User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-12T10:02:00Z<p>Symphonick: /* Nicknames */ Moonlight sonata</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field in MusicBrainz should only contain the title given by the composer, sometimes along with a [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]].<br /><br />
So called [[#Untitled work|untitled works]], or "generic" works, where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
The title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface. In some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:561b8302-1b1a-3b7e-b4dd-ea3f8e0b3258|The Lark Ascending]] ''by Vaughan Williams''<br />
*I Crisantemi ''by Puccini''<br />
*[[Work:45efd8f4-4c40-4145-9e5c-4d11ed7babde|Carmen]] ''by Georges Bizet''<br />
<br />
===Sources===<br />
It is recommended to use a reliable printed source for titles, such as a recent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urtext_edition| urtext edition]. <br />
If that is not available, just use the best source you can find. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
*''Publishing companies (Bärenreiter, Henle etc) sometimes list titles on their websites. <br />
*[http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, mostly early editions or user-generated scores, but sometimes also autographs.''<br />
<br />
{{note}} Wikipedia and similar online sources cannot be considered reliable in this context.<br />
<br />
===Archaic titles===<br />
If the original title by the composer is rarely used, put the "modern" title in the disambiguation comment field.<br /><br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ("Ave Maria") ''by Bach/Gounod''<br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ("Matthäus-Passion") ''by J.S. Bach<br />
<br />
===Language===<br />
As stated before, the title should be expressed in the language the work was originally written.<br />
If a work is available with translated titles and it is unclear which is the original, use the language of the first performance (if the work was written with a specific performance or audience in mind). If this fails, use the composer's preferred language, usually found in the autograph or first edition.<br /><br />
<br />
See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details. Also see below for untitled / generic titled works.<br />
<br />
{{note}} Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]] ''by D. Schostakovich''<br />
<br />
====Translated titles====<br />
Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio" should be entered as aliases. <br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard translation for your specific language.<br />
More translations can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br /><br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Moscow, Cheryomushki, Op. 105 ''by D. Schostakovich''<br />
<br />
===Nicknames===<br />
Nicknames (such as "Moonlight Sonata") are not by the composer. Nicknames can be used only in secondary aliases and in annotations,<br />
never in the title field.<br/ ><br />
Since nicknames are local, they can be problematic in the disambiguation field (which is global).<br />
<br />
''Examples of nicknames in the disambiguation field:''<br />
* Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2 ("Moonlight Sonata") ''by Beethoven''<br />
* [[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]] (“Elvira Madigan”) ''by W.A. Mozart''<br />
* [[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]] (“Vespers”) ''by S. Rachmaninoff''<br />
<br />
==Subtitle==<br />
The subtitle can contain a number of different things related to the music, usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Many times this line is added by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
<br />
For titled works, the subtitle can be stored in an annotation. Adding the subtitle to the title field is not recommended.<br /><br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above).<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page. Dedications can be put in annotations.<br />
<br />
==Instrumentation==<br />
There is currently no fields for instrumentation in MusicBrainz, use an annotation.<br />
<br />
==Tempo / character==<br />
Musicbrainz has currently no field for storing the tempo of a work. The annotation can be used for this purpose.<br />
<br />
==Key / Modus==<br />
There is no field for keys in MusicBrainz currently. Keys should not be added to work titles, but can be stored in annotations.<br />
<br />
==Catalogue numbers==<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*<br />
<br />
===Catalogue of parts===<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
==Part numbers==<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
===Part ordering===<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
Especially in older vocal music, the title can be made up of (a part of) the first line in the lyrics. Do not use quotation marks, and try to find a good source for the length of the quote if not available in the score.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as a search hint alias, if you want.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". Works with lyrics always have titles, see quotes above. If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]]<br />
<br />
If and what to append to the basic form depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) when it is not needed for disambiguation '''and it is how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
For instance, if a composer only wrote one concerto for a specific instrument, ex. cello, that concerto would likely be known simply as that composer's cello concerto, the key would not be used in the title.<br/ ><br />
A prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor") while a prelude from an instrumental suite is usually referred to as the "prelude from the G-major suite", as an example.<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Language for untitled works===<br />
Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll, BWV 822]]<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
{{note}} The final part of multi-part works is often listed with both "Finale" and tempo, e.g. "Finale: Allegro". This formatting should not be used anywhere else; tempo information is separate from titles and does not belong in the title field.<br /><br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, you should use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
* You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
* Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Multi-part works| Multi-part works] above.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64143User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-12T09:58:43Z<p>Symphonick: /* Title */ adding composer to examples</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field in MusicBrainz should only contain the title given by the composer, sometimes along with a [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]].<br /><br />
So called [[#Untitled work|untitled works]], or "generic" works, where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
The title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface. In some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:561b8302-1b1a-3b7e-b4dd-ea3f8e0b3258|The Lark Ascending]] ''by Vaughan Williams''<br />
*I Crisantemi ''by Puccini''<br />
*[[Work:45efd8f4-4c40-4145-9e5c-4d11ed7babde|Carmen]] ''by Georges Bizet''<br />
<br />
===Sources===<br />
It is recommended to use a reliable printed source for titles, such as a recent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urtext_edition| urtext edition]. <br />
If that is not available, just use the best source you can find. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
*''Publishing companies (Bärenreiter, Henle etc) sometimes list titles on their websites. <br />
*[http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, mostly early editions or user-generated scores, but sometimes also autographs.''<br />
<br />
{{note}} Wikipedia and similar online sources cannot be considered reliable in this context.<br />
<br />
===Archaic titles===<br />
If the original title by the composer is rarely used, put the "modern" title in the disambiguation comment field.<br /><br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ("Ave Maria") ''by Bach/Gounod''<br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ("Matthäus-Passion") ''by J.S. Bach<br />
<br />
===Language===<br />
As stated before, the title should be expressed in the language the work was originally written.<br />
If a work is available with translated titles and it is unclear which is the original, use the language of the first performance (if the work was written with a specific performance or audience in mind). If this fails, use the composer's preferred language, usually found in the autograph or first edition.<br /><br />
<br />
See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details. Also see below for untitled / generic titled works.<br />
<br />
{{note}} Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]] ''by D. Schostakovich''<br />
<br />
====Translated titles====<br />
Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio" should be entered as aliases. <br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard translation for your specific language.<br />
More translations can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br /><br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Moscow, Cheryomushki, Op. 105 ''by D. Schostakovich''<br />
<br />
===Nicknames===<br />
Nicknames (such as "Moonlight Sonata") are not by the composer. Nicknames can be used only in secondary aliases and in annotations,<br />
never in the title field.<br/ ><br />
Since nicknames are local, they can be problematic in the disambiguation field (which is global).<br />
<br />
''Examples of nicknames in the disambiguation field:''<br />
* [[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]] (“Elvira Madigan”) ''by W.A. Mozart''<br />
* [[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]] (“Vespers”) ''by S. Rachmaninoff''<br />
<br />
==Subtitle==<br />
The subtitle can contain a number of different things related to the music, usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Many times this line is added by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
<br />
For titled works, the subtitle can be stored in an annotation. Adding the subtitle to the title field is not recommended.<br /><br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above).<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page. Dedications can be put in annotations.<br />
<br />
==Instrumentation==<br />
There is currently no fields for instrumentation in MusicBrainz, use an annotation.<br />
<br />
==Tempo / character==<br />
Musicbrainz has currently no field for storing the tempo of a work. The annotation can be used for this purpose.<br />
<br />
==Key / Modus==<br />
There is no field for keys in MusicBrainz currently. Keys should not be added to work titles, but can be stored in annotations.<br />
<br />
==Catalogue numbers==<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*<br />
<br />
===Catalogue of parts===<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
==Part numbers==<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
===Part ordering===<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
Especially in older vocal music, the title can be made up of (a part of) the first line in the lyrics. Do not use quotation marks, and try to find a good source for the length of the quote if not available in the score.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as a search hint alias, if you want.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". Works with lyrics always have titles, see quotes above. If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]]<br />
<br />
If and what to append to the basic form depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) when it is not needed for disambiguation '''and it is how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
For instance, if a composer only wrote one concerto for a specific instrument, ex. cello, that concerto would likely be known simply as that composer's cello concerto, the key would not be used in the title.<br/ ><br />
A prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor") while a prelude from an instrumental suite is usually referred to as the "prelude from the G-major suite", as an example.<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Language for untitled works===<br />
Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll, BWV 822]]<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
{{note}} The final part of multi-part works is often listed with both "Finale" and tempo, e.g. "Finale: Allegro". This formatting should not be used anywhere else; tempo information is separate from titles and does not belong in the title field.<br /><br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, you should use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
* You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
* Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Multi-part works| Multi-part works] above.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64142User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-12T09:55:29Z<p>Symphonick: /* Nicknames */ example formatting</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field in MusicBrainz should only contain the title given by the composer, sometimes along with a [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]].<br /><br />
So called [[#Untitled work|untitled works]], or "generic" works, where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
The title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface. In some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:561b8302-1b1a-3b7e-b4dd-ea3f8e0b3258|The Lark Ascending]]<br />
*I Crisantemi<br />
*[[Work:45efd8f4-4c40-4145-9e5c-4d11ed7babde|Carmen]]<br />
<br />
===Sources===<br />
It is recommended to use a reliable printed source for titles, such as a recent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urtext_edition| urtext edition]. <br />
If that is not available, just use the best source you can find. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
*''Publishing companies (Bärenreiter, Henle etc) sometimes list titles on their websites. <br />
*[http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, mostly early editions or user-generated scores, but sometimes also autographs.''<br />
<br />
{{note}} Wikipedia and similar online sources cannot be considered reliable in this context.<br />
<br />
===Archaic titles===<br />
If the original title by the composer is rarely used, put the "modern" title in the disambiguation comment field.<br /><br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ("Ave Maria") ''by Bach/Gounod''<br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ("Matthäus-Passion") ''by J.S. Bach<br />
<br />
===Language===<br />
As stated before, the title should be expressed in the language the work was originally written.<br />
If a work is available with translated titles and it is unclear which is the original, use the language of the first performance (if the work was written with a specific performance or audience in mind). If this fails, use the composer's preferred language, usually found in the autograph or first edition.<br /><br />
<br />
See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details. Also see below for untitled / generic titled works.<br />
<br />
{{note}} Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]]<br />
<br />
====Translated titles====<br />
Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio" should be entered as aliases. <br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard translation for your specific language.<br />
More translations can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br /><br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Moscow, Cheryomushki, Op. 105<br />
<br />
===Nicknames===<br />
Nicknames (such as "Moonlight Sonata") are not by the composer. Nicknames can be used only in secondary aliases and in annotations,<br />
never in the title field.<br/ ><br />
Since nicknames are local, they can be problematic in the disambiguation field (which is global).<br />
<br />
''Examples of nicknames in the disambiguation field:''<br />
* [[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]] (“Elvira Madigan”) ''by W.A. Mozart''<br />
* [[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]] (“Vespers”) ''by S. Rachmaninoff''<br />
<br />
==Subtitle==<br />
The subtitle can contain a number of different things related to the music, usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Many times this line is added by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
<br />
For titled works, the subtitle can be stored in an annotation. Adding the subtitle to the title field is not recommended.<br /><br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above).<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page. Dedications can be put in annotations.<br />
<br />
==Instrumentation==<br />
There is currently no fields for instrumentation in MusicBrainz, use an annotation.<br />
<br />
==Tempo / character==<br />
Musicbrainz has currently no field for storing the tempo of a work. The annotation can be used for this purpose.<br />
<br />
==Key / Modus==<br />
There is no field for keys in MusicBrainz currently. Keys should not be added to work titles, but can be stored in annotations.<br />
<br />
==Catalogue numbers==<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*<br />
<br />
===Catalogue of parts===<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
==Part numbers==<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
===Part ordering===<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
Especially in older vocal music, the title can be made up of (a part of) the first line in the lyrics. Do not use quotation marks, and try to find a good source for the length of the quote if not available in the score.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as a search hint alias, if you want.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". Works with lyrics always have titles, see quotes above. If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]]<br />
<br />
If and what to append to the basic form depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) when it is not needed for disambiguation '''and it is how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
For instance, if a composer only wrote one concerto for a specific instrument, ex. cello, that concerto would likely be known simply as that composer's cello concerto, the key would not be used in the title.<br/ ><br />
A prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor") while a prelude from an instrumental suite is usually referred to as the "prelude from the G-major suite", as an example.<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Language for untitled works===<br />
Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll, BWV 822]]<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
{{note}} The final part of multi-part works is often listed with both "Finale" and tempo, e.g. "Finale: Allegro". This formatting should not be used anywhere else; tempo information is separate from titles and does not belong in the title field.<br /><br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, you should use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
* You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
* Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Multi-part works| Multi-part works] above.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64141User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-12T09:52:16Z<p>Symphonick: /* Language */ moving examples</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field in MusicBrainz should only contain the title given by the composer, sometimes along with a [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]].<br /><br />
So called [[#Untitled work|untitled works]], or "generic" works, where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
The title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface. In some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:561b8302-1b1a-3b7e-b4dd-ea3f8e0b3258|The Lark Ascending]]<br />
*I Crisantemi<br />
*[[Work:45efd8f4-4c40-4145-9e5c-4d11ed7babde|Carmen]]<br />
<br />
===Sources===<br />
It is recommended to use a reliable printed source for titles, such as a recent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urtext_edition| urtext edition]. <br />
If that is not available, just use the best source you can find. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
*''Publishing companies (Bärenreiter, Henle etc) sometimes list titles on their websites. <br />
*[http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, mostly early editions or user-generated scores, but sometimes also autographs.''<br />
<br />
{{note}} Wikipedia and similar online sources cannot be considered reliable in this context.<br />
<br />
===Archaic titles===<br />
If the original title by the composer is rarely used, put the "modern" title in the disambiguation comment field.<br /><br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ("Ave Maria") ''by Bach/Gounod''<br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ("Matthäus-Passion") ''by J.S. Bach<br />
<br />
===Language===<br />
As stated before, the title should be expressed in the language the work was originally written.<br />
If a work is available with translated titles and it is unclear which is the original, use the language of the first performance (if the work was written with a specific performance or audience in mind). If this fails, use the composer's preferred language, usually found in the autograph or first edition.<br /><br />
<br />
See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details. Also see below for untitled / generic titled works.<br />
<br />
{{note}} Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]]<br />
<br />
====Translated titles====<br />
Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio" should be entered as aliases. <br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard translation for your specific language.<br />
More translations can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br /><br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Moscow, Cheryomushki, Op. 105<br />
<br />
===Nicknames===<br />
Nicknames (such as "Moonlight Sonata") are not by the composer. Nicknames can be used only in secondary aliases and in annotations,<br />
never in the title field.<br/ ><br />
Since nicknames are local, they can be problematic in the disambiguation field (which is global).<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
* Mozart’s ''[[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]]'' (“Elvira Madigan”)<br />
* Rachmaninoff’s ''[[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]]'' (“Vespers”)<br />
<br />
==Subtitle==<br />
The subtitle can contain a number of different things related to the music, usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Many times this line is added by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
<br />
For titled works, the subtitle can be stored in an annotation. Adding the subtitle to the title field is not recommended.<br /><br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above).<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page. Dedications can be put in annotations.<br />
<br />
==Instrumentation==<br />
There is currently no fields for instrumentation in MusicBrainz, use an annotation.<br />
<br />
==Tempo / character==<br />
Musicbrainz has currently no field for storing the tempo of a work. The annotation can be used for this purpose.<br />
<br />
==Key / Modus==<br />
There is no field for keys in MusicBrainz currently. Keys should not be added to work titles, but can be stored in annotations.<br />
<br />
==Catalogue numbers==<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*<br />
<br />
===Catalogue of parts===<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
==Part numbers==<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
===Part ordering===<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
Especially in older vocal music, the title can be made up of (a part of) the first line in the lyrics. Do not use quotation marks, and try to find a good source for the length of the quote if not available in the score.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as a search hint alias, if you want.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". Works with lyrics always have titles, see quotes above. If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]]<br />
<br />
If and what to append to the basic form depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) when it is not needed for disambiguation '''and it is how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
For instance, if a composer only wrote one concerto for a specific instrument, ex. cello, that concerto would likely be known simply as that composer's cello concerto, the key would not be used in the title.<br/ ><br />
A prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor") while a prelude from an instrumental suite is usually referred to as the "prelude from the G-major suite", as an example.<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Language for untitled works===<br />
Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll, BWV 822]]<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
{{note}} The final part of multi-part works is often listed with both "Finale" and tempo, e.g. "Finale: Allegro". This formatting should not be used anywhere else; tempo information is separate from titles and does not belong in the title field.<br /><br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, you should use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
* You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
* Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Multi-part works| Multi-part works] above.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64140User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-12T09:49:31Z<p>Symphonick: /* Catalogue numbers */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field in MusicBrainz should only contain the title given by the composer, sometimes along with a [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]].<br /><br />
So called [[#Untitled work|untitled works]], or "generic" works, where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
The title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface. In some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:561b8302-1b1a-3b7e-b4dd-ea3f8e0b3258|The Lark Ascending]]<br />
*I Crisantemi<br />
*[[Work:45efd8f4-4c40-4145-9e5c-4d11ed7babde|Carmen]]<br />
<br />
===Sources===<br />
It is recommended to use a reliable printed source for titles, such as a recent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urtext_edition| urtext edition]. <br />
If that is not available, just use the best source you can find. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
*''Publishing companies (Bärenreiter, Henle etc) sometimes list titles on their websites. <br />
*[http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, mostly early editions or user-generated scores, but sometimes also autographs.''<br />
<br />
{{note}} Wikipedia and similar online sources cannot be considered reliable in this context.<br />
<br />
===Archaic titles===<br />
If the original title by the composer is rarely used, put the "modern" title in the disambiguation comment field.<br /><br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ("Ave Maria") ''by Bach/Gounod''<br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ("Matthäus-Passion") ''by J.S. Bach<br />
<br />
===Language===<br />
As stated before, the title should be expressed in the language the work was originally written.<br />
If a work is available with translated titles and it is unclear which is the original, use the language of the first performance (if the work was written with a specific performance or audience in mind). If this fails, use the composer's preferred language, usually found in the autograph or first edition.<br /><br />
<br />
See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details. Also see below for untitled / generic titled works.<br />
<br />
{{note}} Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br />
<br />
====Translated titles====<br />
Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio" should be entered as aliases. <br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard translation for your specific language.<br />
More translations can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br /><br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br />
<br />
===Nicknames===<br />
Nicknames (such as "Moonlight Sonata") are not by the composer. Nicknames can be used only in secondary aliases and in annotations,<br />
never in the title field.<br/ ><br />
Since nicknames are local, they can be problematic in the disambiguation field (which is global).<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
* Mozart’s ''[[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]]'' (“Elvira Madigan”)<br />
* Rachmaninoff’s ''[[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]]'' (“Vespers”)<br />
<br />
==Subtitle==<br />
The subtitle can contain a number of different things related to the music, usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Many times this line is added by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
<br />
For titled works, the subtitle can be stored in an annotation. Adding the subtitle to the title field is not recommended.<br /><br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above).<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page. Dedications can be put in annotations.<br />
<br />
==Instrumentation==<br />
There is currently no fields for instrumentation in MusicBrainz, use an annotation.<br />
<br />
==Tempo / character==<br />
Musicbrainz has currently no field for storing the tempo of a work. The annotation can be used for this purpose.<br />
<br />
==Key / Modus==<br />
There is no field for keys in MusicBrainz currently. Keys should not be added to work titles, but can be stored in annotations.<br />
<br />
==Catalogue numbers==<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*<br />
<br />
===Catalogue of parts===<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
==Part numbers==<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
===Part ordering===<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
Especially in older vocal music, the title can be made up of (a part of) the first line in the lyrics. Do not use quotation marks, and try to find a good source for the length of the quote if not available in the score.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as a search hint alias, if you want.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". Works with lyrics always have titles, see quotes above. If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]]<br />
<br />
If and what to append to the basic form depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) when it is not needed for disambiguation '''and it is how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
For instance, if a composer only wrote one concerto for a specific instrument, ex. cello, that concerto would likely be known simply as that composer's cello concerto, the key would not be used in the title.<br/ ><br />
A prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor") while a prelude from an instrumental suite is usually referred to as the "prelude from the G-major suite", as an example.<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Language for untitled works===<br />
Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll, BWV 822]]<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
{{note}} The final part of multi-part works is often listed with both "Finale" and tempo, e.g. "Finale: Allegro". This formatting should not be used anywhere else; tempo information is separate from titles and does not belong in the title field.<br /><br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, you should use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
* You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
* Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Multi-part works| Multi-part works] above.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64139User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-12T09:46:18Z<p>Symphonick: /* Sources */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field in MusicBrainz should only contain the title given by the composer, sometimes along with a [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]].<br /><br />
So called [[#Untitled work|untitled works]], or "generic" works, where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
The title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface. In some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:561b8302-1b1a-3b7e-b4dd-ea3f8e0b3258|The Lark Ascending]]<br />
*I Crisantemi<br />
*[[Work:45efd8f4-4c40-4145-9e5c-4d11ed7babde|Carmen]]<br />
<br />
===Sources===<br />
It is recommended to use a reliable printed source for titles, such as a recent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urtext_edition| urtext edition]. <br />
If that is not available, just use the best source you can find. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
*''Publishing companies (Bärenreiter, Henle etc) sometimes list titles on their websites. <br />
*[http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, mostly early editions or user-generated scores, but sometimes also autographs.''<br />
<br />
{{note}} Wikipedia and similar online sources cannot be considered reliable in this context.<br />
<br />
===Archaic titles===<br />
If the original title by the composer is rarely used, put the "modern" title in the disambiguation comment field.<br /><br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ("Ave Maria") ''by Bach/Gounod''<br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ("Matthäus-Passion") ''by J.S. Bach<br />
<br />
===Language===<br />
As stated before, the title should be expressed in the language the work was originally written.<br />
If a work is available with translated titles and it is unclear which is the original, use the language of the first performance (if the work was written with a specific performance or audience in mind). If this fails, use the composer's preferred language, usually found in the autograph or first edition.<br /><br />
<br />
See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details. Also see below for untitled / generic titled works.<br />
<br />
{{note}} Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br />
<br />
====Translated titles====<br />
Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio" should be entered as aliases. <br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard translation for your specific language.<br />
More translations can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br /><br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br />
<br />
===Nicknames===<br />
Nicknames (such as "Moonlight Sonata") are not by the composer. Nicknames can be used only in secondary aliases and in annotations,<br />
never in the title field.<br/ ><br />
Since nicknames are local, they can be problematic in the disambiguation field (which is global).<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
* Mozart’s ''[[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]]'' (“Elvira Madigan”)<br />
* Rachmaninoff’s ''[[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]]'' (“Vespers”)<br />
<br />
==Subtitle==<br />
The subtitle can contain a number of different things related to the music, usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Many times this line is added by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
<br />
For titled works, the subtitle can be stored in an annotation. Adding the subtitle to the title field is not recommended.<br /><br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above).<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page. Dedications can be put in annotations.<br />
<br />
==Instrumentation==<br />
There is currently no fields for instrumentation in MusicBrainz, use an annotation.<br />
<br />
==Tempo / character==<br />
Musicbrainz has currently no field for storing the tempo of a work. The annotation can be used for this purpose.<br />
<br />
==Key / Modus==<br />
There is no field for keys in MusicBrainz currently. Keys should not be added to work titles, but can be stored in annotations.<br />
<br />
==Catalogue numbers==<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]]<br />
<br />
===Catalogue of parts===<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
==Part numbers==<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
===Part ordering===<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
Especially in older vocal music, the title can be made up of (a part of) the first line in the lyrics. Do not use quotation marks, and try to find a good source for the length of the quote if not available in the score.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as a search hint alias, if you want.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". Works with lyrics always have titles, see quotes above. If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]]<br />
<br />
If and what to append to the basic form depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) when it is not needed for disambiguation '''and it is how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
For instance, if a composer only wrote one concerto for a specific instrument, ex. cello, that concerto would likely be known simply as that composer's cello concerto, the key would not be used in the title.<br/ ><br />
A prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor") while a prelude from an instrumental suite is usually referred to as the "prelude from the G-major suite", as an example.<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Language for untitled works===<br />
Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll, BWV 822]]<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
{{note}} The final part of multi-part works is often listed with both "Finale" and tempo, e.g. "Finale: Allegro". This formatting should not be used anywhere else; tempo information is separate from titles and does not belong in the title field.<br /><br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, you should use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
* You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
* Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Multi-part works| Multi-part works] above.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64138User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-12T09:45:43Z<p>Symphonick: /* Archaic titles */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field in MusicBrainz should only contain the title given by the composer, sometimes along with a [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]].<br /><br />
So called [[#Untitled work|untitled works]], or "generic" works, where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
The title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface. In some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:561b8302-1b1a-3b7e-b4dd-ea3f8e0b3258|The Lark Ascending]]<br />
*I Crisantemi<br />
*[[Work:45efd8f4-4c40-4145-9e5c-4d11ed7babde|Carmen]]<br />
<br />
===Sources===<br />
It is recommended to use a reliable printed source for titles, such as a recent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urtext_edition| urtext edition]. <br />
If that is not available, just use the best source you can find. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
*''Publishing companies (Bärenreiter, Henle etc) sometimes list titles on their websites. <br />
*[http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, mostly early editions or user-generated scores.''<br />
<br />
{{note}} Wikipedia and similar online sources cannot be considered reliable in this context.<br />
<br />
===Archaic titles===<br />
If the original title by the composer is rarely used, put the "modern" title in the disambiguation comment field.<br /><br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ("Ave Maria") ''by Bach/Gounod''<br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ("Matthäus-Passion") ''by J.S. Bach<br />
<br />
===Language===<br />
As stated before, the title should be expressed in the language the work was originally written.<br />
If a work is available with translated titles and it is unclear which is the original, use the language of the first performance (if the work was written with a specific performance or audience in mind). If this fails, use the composer's preferred language, usually found in the autograph or first edition.<br /><br />
<br />
See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details. Also see below for untitled / generic titled works.<br />
<br />
{{note}} Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br />
<br />
====Translated titles====<br />
Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio" should be entered as aliases. <br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard translation for your specific language.<br />
More translations can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br /><br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br />
<br />
===Nicknames===<br />
Nicknames (such as "Moonlight Sonata") are not by the composer. Nicknames can be used only in secondary aliases and in annotations,<br />
never in the title field.<br/ ><br />
Since nicknames are local, they can be problematic in the disambiguation field (which is global).<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
* Mozart’s ''[[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]]'' (“Elvira Madigan”)<br />
* Rachmaninoff’s ''[[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]]'' (“Vespers”)<br />
<br />
==Subtitle==<br />
The subtitle can contain a number of different things related to the music, usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Many times this line is added by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
<br />
For titled works, the subtitle can be stored in an annotation. Adding the subtitle to the title field is not recommended.<br /><br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above).<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page. Dedications can be put in annotations.<br />
<br />
==Instrumentation==<br />
There is currently no fields for instrumentation in MusicBrainz, use an annotation.<br />
<br />
==Tempo / character==<br />
Musicbrainz has currently no field for storing the tempo of a work. The annotation can be used for this purpose.<br />
<br />
==Key / Modus==<br />
There is no field for keys in MusicBrainz currently. Keys should not be added to work titles, but can be stored in annotations.<br />
<br />
==Catalogue numbers==<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]]<br />
<br />
===Catalogue of parts===<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
==Part numbers==<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
===Part ordering===<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
Especially in older vocal music, the title can be made up of (a part of) the first line in the lyrics. Do not use quotation marks, and try to find a good source for the length of the quote if not available in the score.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as a search hint alias, if you want.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". Works with lyrics always have titles, see quotes above. If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]]<br />
<br />
If and what to append to the basic form depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) when it is not needed for disambiguation '''and it is how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
For instance, if a composer only wrote one concerto for a specific instrument, ex. cello, that concerto would likely be known simply as that composer's cello concerto, the key would not be used in the title.<br/ ><br />
A prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor") while a prelude from an instrumental suite is usually referred to as the "prelude from the G-major suite", as an example.<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Language for untitled works===<br />
Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll, BWV 822]]<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
{{note}} The final part of multi-part works is often listed with both "Finale" and tempo, e.g. "Finale: Allegro". This formatting should not be used anywhere else; tempo information is separate from titles and does not belong in the title field.<br /><br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, you should use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
* You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
* Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Multi-part works| Multi-part works] above.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64137User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-12T09:39:50Z<p>Symphonick: /* Keys in untitled works */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field in MusicBrainz should only contain the title given by the composer, sometimes along with a [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]].<br /><br />
So called [[#Untitled work|untitled works]], or "generic" works, where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
The title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface. In some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:561b8302-1b1a-3b7e-b4dd-ea3f8e0b3258|The Lark Ascending]]<br />
*I Crisantemi<br />
*[[Work:45efd8f4-4c40-4145-9e5c-4d11ed7babde|Carmen]]<br />
<br />
===Sources===<br />
It is recommended to use a reliable printed source for titles, such as a recent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urtext_edition| urtext edition]. <br />
If that is not available, just use the best source you can find. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
*''Publishing companies (Bärenreiter, Henle etc) sometimes list titles on their websites. <br />
*[http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, mostly early editions or user-generated scores.''<br />
<br />
{{note}} Wikipedia and similar online sources cannot be considered reliable in this context.<br />
<br />
===Archaic titles===<br />
If the original title by the composer is rarely used, put the "modern" title in the disambiguation comment field.<br /><br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ("Bach/Gounod Ave Maria")<br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ("Matthäus-Passion")<br />
<br />
===Language===<br />
As stated before, the title should be expressed in the language the work was originally written.<br />
If a work is available with translated titles and it is unclear which is the original, use the language of the first performance (if the work was written with a specific performance or audience in mind). If this fails, use the composer's preferred language, usually found in the autograph or first edition.<br /><br />
<br />
See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details. Also see below for untitled / generic titled works.<br />
<br />
{{note}} Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br />
<br />
====Translated titles====<br />
Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio" should be entered as aliases. <br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard translation for your specific language.<br />
More translations can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br /><br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br />
<br />
===Nicknames===<br />
Nicknames (such as "Moonlight Sonata") are not by the composer. Nicknames can be used only in secondary aliases and in annotations,<br />
never in the title field.<br/ ><br />
Since nicknames are local, they can be problematic in the disambiguation field (which is global).<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
* Mozart’s ''[[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]]'' (“Elvira Madigan”)<br />
* Rachmaninoff’s ''[[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]]'' (“Vespers”)<br />
<br />
==Subtitle==<br />
The subtitle can contain a number of different things related to the music, usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Many times this line is added by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
<br />
For titled works, the subtitle can be stored in an annotation. Adding the subtitle to the title field is not recommended.<br /><br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above).<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page. Dedications can be put in annotations.<br />
<br />
==Instrumentation==<br />
There is currently no fields for instrumentation in MusicBrainz, use an annotation.<br />
<br />
==Tempo / character==<br />
Musicbrainz has currently no field for storing the tempo of a work. The annotation can be used for this purpose.<br />
<br />
==Key / Modus==<br />
There is no field for keys in MusicBrainz currently. Keys should not be added to work titles, but can be stored in annotations.<br />
<br />
==Catalogue numbers==<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]]<br />
<br />
===Catalogue of parts===<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
==Part numbers==<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
===Part ordering===<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
Especially in older vocal music, the title can be made up of (a part of) the first line in the lyrics. Do not use quotation marks, and try to find a good source for the length of the quote if not available in the score.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as a search hint alias, if you want.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". Works with lyrics always have titles, see quotes above. If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]]<br />
<br />
If and what to append to the basic form depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) when it is not needed for disambiguation '''and it is how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
For instance, if a composer only wrote one concerto for a specific instrument, ex. cello, that concerto would likely be known simply as that composer's cello concerto, the key would not be used in the title.<br/ ><br />
A prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor") while a prelude from an instrumental suite is usually referred to as the "prelude from the G-major suite", as an example.<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Language for untitled works===<br />
Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work. In general, only main works have keys.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll, BWV 822]]<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
{{note}} The final part of multi-part works is often listed with both "Finale" and tempo, e.g. "Finale: Allegro". This formatting should not be used anywhere else; tempo information is separate from titles and does not belong in the title field.<br /><br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, you should use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
* You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
* Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Multi-part works| Multi-part works] above.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64136User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-12T09:36:35Z<p>Symphonick: moving untitled to own section</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field in MusicBrainz should only contain the title given by the composer, sometimes along with a [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]].<br /><br />
So called [[#Untitled work|untitled works]], or "generic" works, where the composer has only titled the work with a form or a character/tempo (concerto, symphony, allegro etc) have special guidelines, see separate section below.<br /><br />
<br />
The title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface. In some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:561b8302-1b1a-3b7e-b4dd-ea3f8e0b3258|The Lark Ascending]]<br />
*I Crisantemi<br />
*[[Work:45efd8f4-4c40-4145-9e5c-4d11ed7babde|Carmen]]<br />
<br />
===Sources===<br />
It is recommended to use a reliable printed source for titles, such as a recent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urtext_edition| urtext edition]. <br />
If that is not available, just use the best source you can find. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
*''Publishing companies (Bärenreiter, Henle etc) sometimes list titles on their websites. <br />
*[http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, mostly early editions or user-generated scores.''<br />
<br />
{{note}} Wikipedia and similar online sources cannot be considered reliable in this context.<br />
<br />
===Archaic titles===<br />
If the original title by the composer is rarely used, put the "modern" title in the disambiguation comment field.<br /><br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ("Bach/Gounod Ave Maria")<br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ("Matthäus-Passion")<br />
<br />
===Language===<br />
As stated before, the title should be expressed in the language the work was originally written.<br />
If a work is available with translated titles and it is unclear which is the original, use the language of the first performance (if the work was written with a specific performance or audience in mind). If this fails, use the composer's preferred language, usually found in the autograph or first edition.<br /><br />
<br />
See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details. Also see below for untitled / generic titled works.<br />
<br />
{{note}} Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br />
<br />
====Translated titles====<br />
Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio" should be entered as aliases. <br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard translation for your specific language.<br />
More translations can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br /><br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br />
<br />
===Nicknames===<br />
Nicknames (such as "Moonlight Sonata") are not by the composer. Nicknames can be used only in secondary aliases and in annotations,<br />
never in the title field.<br/ ><br />
Since nicknames are local, they can be problematic in the disambiguation field (which is global).<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
* Mozart’s ''[[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]]'' (“Elvira Madigan”)<br />
* Rachmaninoff’s ''[[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]]'' (“Vespers”)<br />
<br />
==Subtitle==<br />
The subtitle can contain a number of different things related to the music, usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Many times this line is added by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
<br />
For titled works, the subtitle can be stored in an annotation. Adding the subtitle to the title field is not recommended.<br /><br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above).<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page. Dedications can be put in annotations.<br />
<br />
==Instrumentation==<br />
There is currently no fields for instrumentation in MusicBrainz, use an annotation.<br />
<br />
==Tempo / character==<br />
Musicbrainz has currently no field for storing the tempo of a work. The annotation can be used for this purpose.<br />
<br />
==Key / Modus==<br />
There is no field for keys in MusicBrainz currently. Keys should not be added to work titles, but can be stored in annotations.<br />
<br />
==Catalogue numbers==<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]]<br />
<br />
===Catalogue of parts===<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
==Part numbers==<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
===Part ordering===<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
Especially in older vocal music, the title can be made up of (a part of) the first line in the lyrics. Do not use quotation marks, and try to find a good source for the length of the quote if not available in the score.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
==Untitled works==<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
===Generic titles by the composer===<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this work is not untitled, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
An "untitled" version of the title can be added as a search hint alias, if you want.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2<br />
<br />
===Untitled vocal works===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". Works with lyrics always have titles, see quotes above. If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
*No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
<br />
===Standard untitled works formats===<br />
*Form(s)<br />
*Part number. Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Form===<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]]<br />
<br />
If and what to append to the basic form depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) when it is not needed for disambiguation '''and it is how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
For instance, if a composer only wrote one concerto for a specific instrument, ex. cello, that concerto would likely be known simply as that composer's cello concerto, the key would not be used in the title.<br/ ><br />
A prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor") while a prelude from an instrumental suite is usually referred to as the "prelude from the G-major suite", as an example.<br/ ><br />
<br />
===Language for untitled works===<br />
Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64 ''by Felix Mendelssohn''<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
*Koncert for klaver og orkester, Op. 16 ''by Edvard Grieg''<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll, BWV 822]]<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
{{note}} The final part of multi-part works is often listed with both "Finale" and tempo, e.g. "Finale: Allegro". This formatting should not be used anywhere else; tempo information is separate from titles and does not belong in the title field.<br /><br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, you should use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
* You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
* Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Multi-part works| Multi-part works] above.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64128User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-11T20:10:00Z<p>Symphonick: /* Subtitle */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field in MusicBrainz should only contain the title given by the composer, sometimes along with a [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]], unless you are dealing with a so-called [[#Untitled work|untitled work]], see below.<br /><br />
<br />
The title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface. In some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:561b8302-1b1a-3b7e-b4dd-ea3f8e0b3258|The Lark Ascending]]<br />
*I Crisantemi<br />
*[[Work:45efd8f4-4c40-4145-9e5c-4d11ed7babde|Carmen]]<br />
<br />
===Sources===<br />
It is recommended to use a reliable printed source for titles, such as a recent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urtext_edition| urtext edition]. <br />
If that is not available, just use the best source you can find. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
*''Publishing companies (Bärenreiter, Henle etc) sometimes list titles on their websites. <br />
*[http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, mostly early editions or user-generated scores.''<br />
<br />
{{note}} Wikipedia and similar online sources cannot be considered reliable in this context.<br />
<br />
===Archaic titles===<br />
If the original title by the composer is rarely used, put the "modern" title in the disambiguation comment field.<br /><br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ("Bach/Gounod Ave Maria")<br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ("Matthäus-Passion")<br />
<br />
===Untitled works===<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
====Standard untitled works formats====<br />
*Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
If and what to append to the basic form depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) when it is not needed for disambiguation '''and it is how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
For instance, if a composer only wrote one concerto for a specific instrument, ex. cello, that concerto would likely be known simply as that composer's cello concerto, the key would not be used in the title.<br/ ><br />
A prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor") while a prelude from an instrumental suite is usually referred to as the "prelude from the G-major suite", as an example.<br/ ><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]]<br />
<br />
====Generic titles by the composer====<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this is regarded as an actual title and should not be altered, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2<br />
<br />
===Language===<br />
As stated before, the title should be expressed in the language the work was originally written.<br />
If a work is available with translated titles and it is unclear which is the original, use the language of the first performance (if the work was written with a specific performance or audience in mind). If this fails, use the composer's preferred language, usually found in the autograph or first edition.<br /><br />
<br />
See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details. Also see below for untitled / generic titled works.<br />
<br />
{{note}} Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br />
<br />
====Language for untitled works====<br />
Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br />
<br />
====Translated titles====<br />
Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio" should be entered as aliases. <br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard translation for your specific language.<br />
More translations can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br /><br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br />
<br />
===Nicknames===<br />
Nicknames (such as "Moonlight Sonata") are not by the composer. Nicknames can be used only in secondary aliases and in annotations,<br />
never in the title field.<br/ ><br />
Since nicknames are local, they can be problematic in the disambiguation field (which is global).<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
* Mozart’s ''[[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]]'' (“Elvira Madigan”)<br />
* Rachmaninoff’s ''[[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]]'' (“Vespers”)<br />
<br />
==Subtitle==<br />
The subtitle can contain a number of different things related to the music, usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Many times this line is added by the editor.<br/ > <br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed as subtitle:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Schumann: Violin sonata)<br />
*Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties (Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique)<br />
<br />
For titled works, the subtitle can be stored in an annotation. Adding the subtitle to the title field is not recommended.<br /><br />
For untitled works, subtitles can occasionally be used as printed or with only a slight modification (ex. "Sonate für Arpeggione und Pianoforte"). Other times, it can be taken as an indication of what perhaps should be included in the title (e.g. key and catalogue for the Bach example above).<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page. Dedications can be put in annotations.<br />
<br />
==Instrumentation==<br />
Instrumentation can be added to the annotation.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
<br />
==Tempo / character==<br />
Musicbrainz has currently no field for storing the tempo of a work. The annotation can be used for this purpose.<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
{{note}} The final part of multi-part works is often listed with both "Finale" and tempo, e.g. "Finale: Allegro". This formatting should not be used anywhere else; tempo information is separate from titles and does not belong in the title field.<br /><br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, you should use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
==Key / Modus==<br />
There is no field for keys in MusicBrainz currently. Keys should not be added to work titles, but can be stored in annotations.<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll, BWV 822]]<br />
<br />
==Catalogue numbers==<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]]<br />
<br />
===Catalogue of parts===<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
==Part numbers==<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
===Part ordering===<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
===Untitled vocal work===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
Especially in older vocal music, the title can be made up of (a part of) the first line in the lyrics. Do not use quotation marks, and try to find a good source for the length of the quote if not available in the score.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
* You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
* Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Multi-part works| Multi-part works] above.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64127User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-11T11:05:13Z<p>Symphonick: /* Standard untitled works formats */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field in MusicBrainz should only contain the title given by the composer, sometimes along with a [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]], unless you are dealing with a so-called [[#Untitled work|untitled work]], see below.<br /><br />
<br />
The title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface. In some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:561b8302-1b1a-3b7e-b4dd-ea3f8e0b3258|The Lark Ascending]]<br />
*I Crisantemi<br />
*[[Work:45efd8f4-4c40-4145-9e5c-4d11ed7babde|Carmen]]<br />
<br />
===Sources===<br />
It is recommended to use a reliable printed source for titles, such as a recent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urtext_edition| urtext edition]. <br />
If that is not available, just use the best source you can find. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
*''Publishing companies (Bärenreiter, Henle etc) sometimes list titles on their websites. <br />
*[http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, mostly early editions or user-generated scores.''<br />
<br />
{{note}} Wikipedia and similar online sources cannot be considered reliable in this context.<br />
<br />
===Archaic titles===<br />
If the original title by the composer is rarely used, put the "modern" title in the disambiguation comment field.<br /><br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ("Bach/Gounod Ave Maria")<br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ("Matthäus-Passion")<br />
<br />
===Untitled works===<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
====Standard untitled works formats====<br />
*Form<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation number key<br />
<br />
All the above combinations can also have one [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue number]]. <br />
<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Character, catalogue<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
If and what to append to the basic form depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) when it is not needed for disambiguation '''and it is how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
For instance, if a composer only wrote one concerto for a specific instrument, ex. cello, that concerto would likely be known simply as that composer's cello concerto, the key would not be used in the title.<br/ ><br />
A prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor") while a prelude from an instrumental suite is usually referred to as the "prelude from the G-major suite", as an example.<br/ ><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]]<br />
<br />
====Generic titles by the composer====<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this is regarded as an actual title and should not be altered, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2<br />
<br />
===Language===<br />
As stated before, the title should be expressed in the language the work was originally written.<br />
If a work is available with translated titles and it is unclear which is the original, use the language of the first performance (if the work was written with a specific performance or audience in mind). If this fails, use the composer's preferred language, usually found in the autograph or first edition.<br /><br />
<br />
See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details. Also see below for untitled / generic titled works.<br />
<br />
{{note}} Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br />
<br />
====Language for untitled works====<br />
Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br />
<br />
====Translated titles====<br />
Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio" should be entered as aliases. <br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard translation for your specific language.<br />
More translations can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br /><br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br />
<br />
===Nicknames===<br />
Nicknames (such as "Moonlight Sonata") are not by the composer. Nicknames can be used only in secondary aliases and in annotations,<br />
never in the title field.<br/ ><br />
Since nicknames are local, they can be problematic in the disambiguation field (which is global).<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
* Mozart’s ''[[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]]'' (“Elvira Madigan”)<br />
* Rachmaninoff’s ''[[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]]'' (“Vespers”)<br />
<br />
==Subtitle==<br />
The line below the title can in rare cases contain a subtitle, but usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Most of the time, this line is added by the editor. <br />
<br />
Subtitles should not be appended to the title, but the information can sometimes be of use for untitled works.<br/ ><br />
If you believe a sub-title is useful for searching, put it in a secondary alias. Otherwise you can use an annotation.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed below the title:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Violin sonata by Schumann)<br />
<br />
An example of an actual subtitle would be "Symphony Fantastique: Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties" by Berlioz.<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page. Dedications can be put in annotations.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Instrumentation==<br />
Instrumentation can be added to the annotation.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
<br />
==Tempo / character==<br />
Musicbrainz has currently no field for storing the tempo of a work. The annotation can be used for this purpose.<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
{{note}} The final part of multi-part works is often listed with both "Finale" and tempo, e.g. "Finale: Allegro". This formatting should not be used anywhere else; tempo information is separate from titles and does not belong in the title field.<br /><br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, you should use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
==Key / Modus==<br />
There is no field for keys in MusicBrainz currently. Keys should not be added to work titles, but can be stored in annotations.<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll, BWV 822]]<br />
<br />
==Catalogue numbers==<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]]<br />
<br />
===Catalogue of parts===<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
==Part numbers==<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
===Part ordering===<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
===Untitled vocal work===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
Especially in older vocal music, the title can be made up of (a part of) the first line in the lyrics. Do not use quotation marks, and try to find a good source for the length of the quote if not available in the score.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
* You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
* Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Multi-part works| Multi-part works] above.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64126User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-11T10:46:30Z<p>Symphonick: links, intstrumentation</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field in MusicBrainz should only contain the title given by the composer, sometimes along with a [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]], unless you are dealing with a so-called [[#Untitled work|untitled work]], see below.<br /><br />
<br />
The title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface. In some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:561b8302-1b1a-3b7e-b4dd-ea3f8e0b3258|The Lark Ascending]]<br />
*I Crisantemi<br />
*[[Work:45efd8f4-4c40-4145-9e5c-4d11ed7babde|Carmen]]<br />
<br />
===Sources===<br />
It is recommended to use a reliable printed source for titles, such as a recent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urtext_edition| urtext edition]. <br />
If that is not available, just use the best source you can find. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
*''Publishing companies (Bärenreiter, Henle etc) sometimes list titles on their websites. <br />
*[http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, mostly early editions or user-generated scores.''<br />
<br />
{{note}} Wikipedia and similar online sources cannot be considered reliable in this context.<br />
<br />
===Archaic titles===<br />
If the original title by the composer is rarely used, put the "modern" title in the disambiguation comment field.<br /><br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ("Bach/Gounod Ave Maria")<br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ("Matthäus-Passion")<br />
<br />
===Untitled works===<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
====Standard untitled works formats====<br />
*Form<br />
*Form, [[#Catalogue numbers| catalogue]]<br />
*Form [[#Keys in untitled works| key]]<br />
*Form key, catalogue<br />
*Form [[#Instrumentation| instrumentation]]<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation key, catalouge<br />
*[[#Tempo / character | tempo / character]]<br />
*Part number. Character<br />
<br />
''Other combinations are possible but unusual.''<br/ ><br />
<br />
If and what to append to the basic form depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) when it is not needed for disambiguation '''and it is how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
For instance, if a composer only wrote one concerto for a specific instrument, ex. cello, that concerto would likely be known simply as that composer's cello concerto, the key would not be used in the title.<br/ ><br />
A prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor") while a prelude from an instrumental suite is usually referred to as the "prelude from the G-major suite", as an example.<br/ ><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]]<br />
<br />
====Generic titles by the composer====<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this is regarded as an actual title and should not be altered, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2<br />
<br />
===Language===<br />
As stated before, the title should be expressed in the language the work was originally written.<br />
If a work is available with translated titles and it is unclear which is the original, use the language of the first performance (if the work was written with a specific performance or audience in mind). If this fails, use the composer's preferred language, usually found in the autograph or first edition.<br /><br />
<br />
See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details. Also see below for untitled / generic titled works.<br />
<br />
{{note}} Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br />
<br />
====Language for untitled works====<br />
Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br />
<br />
====Translated titles====<br />
Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio" should be entered as aliases. <br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard translation for your specific language.<br />
More translations can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br /><br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br />
<br />
===Nicknames===<br />
Nicknames (such as "Moonlight Sonata") are not by the composer. Nicknames can be used only in secondary aliases and in annotations,<br />
never in the title field.<br/ ><br />
Since nicknames are local, they can be problematic in the disambiguation field (which is global).<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
* Mozart’s ''[[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]]'' (“Elvira Madigan”)<br />
* Rachmaninoff’s ''[[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]]'' (“Vespers”)<br />
<br />
==Subtitle==<br />
The line below the title can in rare cases contain a subtitle, but usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Most of the time, this line is added by the editor. <br />
<br />
Subtitles should not be appended to the title, but the information can sometimes be of use for untitled works.<br/ ><br />
If you believe a sub-title is useful for searching, put it in a secondary alias. Otherwise you can use an annotation.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed below the title:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Violin sonata by Schumann)<br />
<br />
An example of an actual subtitle would be "Symphony Fantastique: Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties" by Berlioz.<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page. Dedications can be put in annotations.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Instrumentation==<br />
Instrumentation can be added to the annotation.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas. How the instrumentation should be formatted depends on the conventions for the language in question, see the CSG-language pages. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate. It could also differ between different forms & ensemble constellations for the same language.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle<br />
*Sonate pour violoncelle et piano<br />
<br />
====Ensembles====<br />
<br />
==Tempo / character==<br />
Musicbrainz has currently no field for storing the tempo of a work. The annotation can be used for this purpose.<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
{{note}} The final part of multi-part works is often listed with both "Finale" and tempo, e.g. "Finale: Allegro". This formatting should not be used anywhere else; tempo information is separate from titles and does not belong in the title field.<br /><br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, you should use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
==Key / Modus==<br />
There is no field for keys in MusicBrainz currently. Keys should not be added to work titles, but can be stored in annotations.<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll, BWV 822]]<br />
<br />
==Catalogue numbers==<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]]<br />
<br />
===Catalogue of parts===<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
==Part numbers==<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
===Part ordering===<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
===Untitled vocal work===<br />
Only main works of vocal music can be "untitled". If work with lyrics has no distinct title, a quote from the lyrics will be used, see below.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mass<br />
*Requiem<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
Especially in older vocal music, the title can be made up of (a part of) the first line in the lyrics. Do not use quotation marks, and try to find a good source for the length of the quote if not available in the score.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
* You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
* Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Multi-part works| Multi-part works] above.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64123User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-11T09:54:53Z<p>Symphonick: /* Untitled works */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field in MusicBrainz should only contain the title given by the composer, sometimes along with a [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]], unless you are dealing with a so-called [[#Untitled work|untitled work]], see below.<br /><br />
<br />
The title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface. In some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:561b8302-1b1a-3b7e-b4dd-ea3f8e0b3258|The Lark Ascending]]<br />
*I Crisantemi<br />
*[[Work:45efd8f4-4c40-4145-9e5c-4d11ed7babde|Carmen]]<br />
<br />
===Sources===<br />
It is recommended to use a reliable printed source for titles, such as a recent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urtext_edition| urtext edition]. <br />
If that is not available, just use the best source you can find. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
*''Publishing companies (Bärenreiter, Henle etc) sometimes list titles on their websites. <br />
*[http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, mostly early editions or user-generated scores.''<br />
<br />
{{note}} Wikipedia and similar online sources cannot be considered reliable in this context.<br />
<br />
===Archaic titles===<br />
If the original title by the composer is rarely used, put the "modern" title in the disambiguation comment field.<br /><br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ("Bach/Gounod Ave Maria")<br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ("Matthäus-Passion")<br />
<br />
===Untitled works===<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is only for untitled works, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, not in the title.<br />
<br />
====Standard untitled works formats====<br />
*Form<br />
*Form, catalogue<br />
*Form key<br />
*Form key, catalogue<br />
*Form instrumentation<br />
*Form instrumentation key<br />
*Form instrumentation key, catalouge<br />
<br />
If and what to append to the basic form depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention, the title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) when it is not needed for disambiguation '''and it is how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
For instance, if a composer only wrote one concerto for a specific instrument, ex. cello, that concerto would likely be known simply as that composer's cello concerto, the key would not be used in the title.<br/ ><br />
A prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor") while a prelude from an instrumental suite is usually referred to as the "prelude from the G-major suite", as an example.<br/ ><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]]<br />
<br />
====Generic titles by the composer====<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) the form, this is regarded as an actual title and should not be altered, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2<br />
<br />
===Language===<br />
As stated before, the title should be expressed in the language the work was originally written.<br />
If a work is available with translated titles and it is unclear which is the original, use the language of the first performance (if the work was written with a specific performance or audience in mind). If this fails, use the composer's preferred language, usually found in the autograph or first edition.<br /><br />
<br />
See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details. Also see below for untitled / generic titled works.<br />
<br />
{{note}} Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br />
<br />
====Language for untitled works====<br />
Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br />
<br />
====Translated titles====<br />
Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio" should be entered as aliases. <br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard translation for your specific language.<br />
More translations can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br /><br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br />
<br />
===Nicknames===<br />
Nicknames (such as "Moonlight Sonata") are not by the composer. Nicknames can be used only in secondary aliases and in annotations,<br />
never in the title field.<br/ ><br />
Since nicknames are local, they can be problematic in the disambiguation field (which is global).<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
* Mozart’s ''[[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]]'' (“Elvira Madigan”)<br />
* Rachmaninoff’s ''[[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]]'' (“Vespers”)<br />
<br />
==Subtitle==<br />
The line below the title can in rare cases contain a subtitle, but usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Most of the time, this line is added by the editor. <br />
<br />
Subtitles should not be appended to the title, but the information can sometimes be of use for untitled works.<br/ ><br />
If you believe a sub-title is useful for searching, put it in a secondary alias. Otherwise you can use an annotation.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed below the title:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Violin sonata by Schumann)<br />
<br />
An example of an actual subtitle would be "Symphony Fantastique: Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties" by Berlioz.<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page. Dedications can be put in annotations.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Instrumentation==<br />
Instrumentation can be added to the annotation.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas.<br />
<br />
{{note}} Direct translations of instrumentation is not always an option. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64<br />
<br />
<br />
==Tempo / character==<br />
Musicbrainz has currently no field for storing the tempo of a work. The annotation can be used for this purpose.<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
{{note}} The final part of multi-part works is often listed with both "Finale" and tempo, e.g. "Finale: Allegro". This formatting should not be used anywhere else; tempo information is separate from titles and does not belong in the title field.<br /><br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, you should use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
==Key / Modus==<br />
There is no field for keys in MusicBrainz currently. Keys should not be added to work titles, but can be stored in annotations.<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll, BWV 822]]<br />
<br />
==Catalogue numbers==<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]]<br />
<br />
===Catalogue of parts===<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
==Part numbers==<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
===Part ordering===<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
Especially in older vocal music, the title can be made up of (a part of) the first line in the lyrics. Do not use quotation marks, and try to find a good source for the length of the quote if not available in the score.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
* You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
* Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Multi-part works| Multi-part works] above.</div>Symphonickhttps://wiki.musicbrainz.org/index.php?title=User:Symphonick/CSG_Work_Titles&diff=64122User:Symphonick/CSG Work Titles2013-08-11T09:36:18Z<p>Symphonick: /* Archaic titles */ new line</p>
<hr />
<div>{{proposal<br />
|proposal=CSG Works part II: Titles<br />
|champion=[[User:symphonick|symphonick]]<br />
|status=RFC<br />
|discussion=<br />
|rfc=<br />
|rfv=<br />
|style=1<br />
|ar=<br />
|jira=STYLE-232<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
[[File:works_score1_beta.png]]<br />
<br />
==Title==<br />
The work title field in MusicBrainz should only contain the title given by the composer, sometimes along with a [[#Catalogue numbers|catalogue number]], unless you are dealing with a so-called [[#Untitled work|untitled work]], see below.<br /><br />
<br />
The title is usually found at the top of the first page of the score, in a large typeface. In some cases, the full title is only printed on the front page, and the title in the actual score is a shorter version.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:561b8302-1b1a-3b7e-b4dd-ea3f8e0b3258|The Lark Ascending]]<br />
*I Crisantemi<br />
*[[Work:45efd8f4-4c40-4145-9e5c-4d11ed7babde|Carmen]]<br />
<br />
===Sources===<br />
It is recommended to use a reliable printed source for titles, such as a recent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urtext_edition| urtext edition]. <br />
If that is not available, just use the best source you can find. Titles can be corrected later.<br /><br />
<br />
*''Publishing companies (Bärenreiter, Henle etc) sometimes list titles on their websites. <br />
*[http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page| IMSLP] have downloadable scans of old music, mostly early editions or user-generated scores.''<br />
<br />
{{note}} Wikipedia and similar online sources cannot be considered reliable in this context.<br />
<br />
===Archaic titles===<br />
If the original title by the composer is rarely used, put the "modern" title in the disambiguation comment field.<br /><br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Méditation sur le Premier Prélude de Piano de S. Bach. ("Bach/Gounod Ave Maria")<br />
*Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum ("Matthäus-Passion")<br />
<br />
===Untitled works===<br />
Instrumental music and some vocal music from before the 20th century often has no actual title. Instead these works are referred to using their form and/or instrumentation (ex. sonata, quartet, mass, symphony, cello concerto), sometimes with key (e.g. Sonate a-Moll)<br/ ><br />
<br />
If and what to append to the basic form depends entirely on the context. Try to follow convention.<br />
The title field should not be used to put in general information (like keys and instrumentation) when it is not needed<br />
for disambiguation '''and it is how you usually would refer to this work'''.<br/ ><br />
For instance, if a composer only wrote one concerto for a specific instrument, ex. cello, the key is unnecessary. The concerto would likely be known simply as that composer's cello concerto.<br/ ><br />
A prelude by J.S. Bach is often referred to by key (ex. "Prelude in d-minor") while a prelude from an instrumental suite is usually referred to as the "prelude from the G-major suite", as an example.<br/ ><br />
<br />
{{note}} This is for untitled works only, otherwise the type of work (e.g. aria, sonata, trio) is stored in the work type field, never inside the title.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:68b83a92-1a10-3289-aa97-04bc174ef3a1|Overture]]<br />
*[[Work:48ef3f49-8438-368b-9b09-0b1ab281ac15|Ouverture]]<br />
<br />
====Generic titles by the composer====<br />
If a composer has titled a work using (among other words) a "generic" term, this is regarded as an actual title and should not be altered, even if the work also can be described using form/instrumentation/key.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, BWV 831<br />
*Sonata quasi una fantasia, Op. 27 No. 2<br />
<br />
===Language===<br />
As stated before, the title should be expressed in the language the work was originally written.<br />
If a work is available with translated titles and it is unclear which is the original, use the language of the first performance (if the work was written with a specific performance or audience in mind). If this fails, use the composer's preferred language, usually found in the autograph or first edition.<br /><br />
<br />
See the respective CSG-language pages for how to format language-specific details. Also see below for untitled / generic titled works.<br />
<br />
{{note}} Works with translated lyrics (as opposed to works with only a translated title) should have the specific translation as default language.<br />
<br />
====Language for untitled works====<br />
Untitled works should be listed in the language in which the work was originally titled by the composer.<br />
<br />
====Translated titles====<br />
Translated titles, such as "The Firebird" and "Christmas Oratorio" should be entered as aliases. <br />
As there can be only one primary alias per language; try to find the standard translation for your specific language.<br />
More translations can be entered as secondary aliases.<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} Only use existing translations, do not enter your own.<br /><br />
''It is expected that eventually, both a title (alias) in the user's preferred language AND the default work title can be shown in the UI.''<br />
<br />
===Nicknames===<br />
Nicknames (such as "Moonlight Sonata") are not by the composer. Nicknames can be used only in secondary aliases and in annotations,<br />
never in the title field.<br/ ><br />
Since nicknames are local, they can be problematic in the disambiguation field (which is global).<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
* Mozart’s ''[[work:f210c793-f668-413c-8821-3628b3c55483|Konzert in C, K. 467]]'' (“Elvira Madigan”)<br />
* Rachmaninoff’s ''[[work:b0d23c87-c845-4989-b2c6-38803fcee6db|Всенощное бдение, op. 37]]'' (“Vespers”)<br />
<br />
==Subtitle==<br />
The line below the title can in rare cases contain a subtitle, but usually you will find a description of the instrumentation, form, or even key and/or opus. Most of the time, this line is added by the editor. <br />
<br />
Subtitles should not be appended to the title, but the information can sometimes be of use for untitled works.<br/ ><br />
If you believe a sub-title is useful for searching, put it in a secondary alias. Otherwise you can use an annotation.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples of what can be printed below the title:''<br />
*Foxtrot for orchestra (from Nixon in China)<br />
*Торжественная увертюра (1812)<br />
*in G minor, S. 1001 (Bach's Violin Sonata)<br />
*Komponiert 1851 (Violin sonata by Schumann)<br />
<br />
An example of an actual subtitle would be "Symphony Fantastique: Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste ... en cinq parties" by Berlioz.<br />
<br />
===Dedication===<br />
Sometimes found above the title, sometimes below, or just on the front page. Dedications can be put in annotations.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Instrumentation==<br />
Instrumentation can be added to the annotation.<br />
<br />
===Instrumentation for untitled works===<br />
Certain untitled works need basic information about instrumentation, mostly concertos and sonatas.<br />
<br />
{{note}} Direct translations of instrumentation is not always an option. E.g. a literal translation of "Quartet for Strings" will not work for every language, perhaps the form "String quartet" is more appropriate.<br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64<br />
<br />
<br />
==Tempo / character==<br />
Musicbrainz has currently no field for storing the tempo of a work. The annotation can be used for this purpose.<br />
<br />
===Tempo / character for untitled works===<br />
It is common for untitled works to have only tempo or character as title; ex. Allegro, Slow. This is most common for sub-parts of pre-20th century concertos, sonatas and symphonies.<br /> <br />
<br />
Only use the first tempo in the title field, do not list tempo changes inside the work. A second tempo can be used if a work is divided into different sections by the composer, e.g. Menuet - Trio. Or for instance in Beethoven's piano sonatas, when there is a short introduction in a slower tempo than the main part of the movement. These type of works are usually referred to with both tempi outside MusicBrainz too. <br />
<br />
{{note}} The final part of multi-part works is often listed with both "Finale" and tempo, e.g. "Finale: Allegro". This formatting should not be used anywhere else; tempo information is separate from titles and does not belong in the title field.<br /><br />
{{note}} You should not translate a tempo marking (possibly transliterate). If you believe it is helpful, you can enter a translated tempo as a search hint (secondary alias).<br /><br />
<br />
====Untitled works without tempo marking====<br />
If a part work is without tempo marking, you should use [untitled] in the title field.<br />
<br />
==Key / Modus==<br />
There is no field for keys in MusicBrainz currently. Keys should not be added to work titles, but can be stored in annotations.<br />
<br />
===Keys in untitled works===<br />
For certain generic-titled works, the key is used as an identifier and should be added to the title. ''This is a workaround until there is a specific field for keys, in which case keys will be removed from all titles.''<br /><br />
<br />
Try to follow convention; ex. you can have a standalone "Minuet in g", but you would never list keys for minuets inside a symphony.<br /><br />
Untitled symphonies, sonatas, masses and concertos very often have the key as identifier for the main work.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br /><br />
*[[Work:59d5880c-c450-4c39-bfbd-5a770f8a24b2|Ouverture g-Moll, BWV 822]]<br />
<br />
==Catalogue numbers==<br />
Ideally catalogue should be put in specific fields, but since catalogue numbers are an important part of identifying a work, as a workaround one catalogue number can be appended to the title. If more than one catalogue is used for a work, try to find the most commonly used catalogue.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:41cc50ef-631e-42e5-ae4c-7bdf5e16cff4|Москва, Черемушки, Op. 105]]<br />
<br />
===Catalogue of parts===<br />
Usually only main works have a catalogue, but note that collections of standalone works (which looks like a main work with parts in MusicBrainz), is treated like standalone works in this regard.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Mazurka, op. 17 no. 4<br />
<br />
==Part numbers==<br />
Only part numbers given by the composer may be used in the title field. Do not add your own numbering of parts.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*Gloria (Mozart: Krönungsmesse)<br />
*But who may abide (Händel: The Messiah)<br />
*No. 3. Denn die Herrlichkeit Gottes des Herrn (Händel: The Messiah, "Mozart" arrangement, KV 572)<br />
*? No. 4. Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria<br />
**So spricht der Herr<br />
**Doch wer mag ertragen den Tag seiner Ankunft<br />
<br />
===Part ordering===<br />
Unfortunately there is currently no ordering system available in MusicBrainz. Until a solution is in place, the disambiguation field can be used if necessary; e.g. "Allegro (1st mvt)" vs. "Allegro (3rd mvt).''<br />
<br />
==Vocal music==<br />
<br />
===Quotes===<br />
Especially in older vocal music, the title can be made up of (a part of) the first line in the lyrics. Do not use quotation marks, and try to find a good source for the length of the quote if not available in the score.<br /><br />
<br />
''Examples:''<br />
*[[Work:e6c6d039-d3c0-31b5-b3c2-f58a68dfcada|No. 21. Il mio tesoro intanto]]<br />
<br />
====Quotes and multiple sections====<br />
<br />
===Dramatic roles===<br />
Roles (e.g. Evangelista, Carmen)<br />
<br />
==Excerpt works==<br />
(See http://musicbrainz.org/doc/Style/Classical/Works for an explanation)<br /><br />
Try to find the most commonly used title, in the same language as the lyrics. A quote from the lyrics is usually better than a descriptive title, e.g. use "Treulich geführt" rather than "Brautchor aus Lohengrin".<br /><br />
<br />
{{note}} For primary aliases a descriptive title (e.g. "Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin" in English) may be preferred.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Old practices==<br />
* You should not manually concatenate main work and part work titles like the old track titles in MusicBrainz before NGS. Note that you must always link the sub-part to the main work, otherwise it would be impossible to know where a work with a generic title (ex. "Allegro") belongs.<br />
* Do not add ordering numbers to part works (common in the old track titles). See [#Multi-part works| Multi-part works] above.</div>Symphonick