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Veena or vina |
= Veena or vina = |
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== Early history == |
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Veena: |
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Initially used as a name for any chordophone, ancient "veena" were musical bows with increasing strings such as |
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these later developed into Harp veena like yazh and the burmese saung gauk.<br> |
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concordantly, short necked lutes originating from graeco-buddhist northwestern gandhara province. these where played standing but held variously, pearshaped pipa-like lutes appear in peninsular India, these were played sitting or standing. kaccapi vina is believed to be lute-type. |
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== Medieval Stick Zither == |
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'''sarangi'''<br> |
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Medieval Stick Zither type veena. gradually replacing the previous harp and short-neck lute type, many folk instruments are these. principal types are alapini vina, ekatantri vina, and kinnari vina.<br> |
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hindustani classical music, rajasthani folk sarangi, nepali sarangi<br> |
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sarangi type:<br> |
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kashmir (saran)<br> |
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south afghanistan (sarang)<br> |
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jammu (saranga)<br> |
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<br> |
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.type of lute, evolved from the rabab includes this and the ghaychack in its family evolved from the kobyz. (kobyz, ghaychac sarangi)<br> |
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<br> |
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'''sarinda''', is related to and may derive from central asian shamans-fiddle qobuz (kobys?)<br> |
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widespread:<br> |
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afghanistan, pakistan and north india (sarinda)<br> |
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: pakistani baluchistan (saroz)<br> |
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: iranian baluchistan (sorud (soruz)) derived from qobuz but more like indian types in use and construction, used for ritual<br> |
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: pakistani sind (surando) sindi and baluchi models have deeper upper bouts than sarinda<br> |
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rajasthan (surinda) three main strings<br> |
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Assam (sareja)<br> |
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: ''bengal (variant long necked svaraj)(belongs to sitar maybe?)''<br> |
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manipur north-east india (sananta)<br> |
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east & north india (banam)<br> |
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nepal (sarangi)<br> |
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<br> |
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<br> |
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.....<br> |
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'''sitar'''<br> |
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=== Folk Stick Zither === |
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hindustani sitar seems to have more in common with large uzbek dutar than persian setar<br> |
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sitar and souther tambura (drone tanbura? yes!) to be evolved from the dutar?<br> |
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Of note is tuila, kullutna rajan, and also the <u>jantar</u>, which are Folk Stick-zithers |
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also Sarasvati vina from this?<br> |
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=== The Bīn === |
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=== Fretless Stick Zither === |
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The Vicitrā vīṇā is the northern fretless instrument, it is a Stick Zither, but this is actually of the hybrid bīṇ sitār type: it has a wide neck (about 10 cm) which is D shaped with the sympathetic strings' pegs set in the side. The neck ends in an integrated wood resonator, often carved like a peacock's head, in some cases it is smaller and pear-shaped, in others it is larger like the sitar's. The hollow neck has two large bottle-gourds screwed into the back. The main strings are tuned in descending 4th and 5ths, the slider (baṭṭā) is a glass egg. |
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== Saraswatī Vīṇā == |
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=== History === |
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=== Fretless Gourd-lute === |
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Chitra vina is.. |
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=== Sitar === |
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== Modern Veena == |
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Mohan... |
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== Bowed Chordophones == |
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=== === |
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== Table of Veena: == |
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<table border="1"> |
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<tr> |
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<td>Cell 1</td> |
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<td>Cell 2</td> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
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<table border="1"> |
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<tr> |
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<td>jantar</td> |
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<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20200302184607if_/https://digitalstamp.suppa.jp/musical_instruments_j/jantar_rajasthan.png</td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td>rudra veena</td> |
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<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20200206001418if_/https://graphic.nobody.jp/musical_picture/veena_rudra.jpg</td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td>vichitra veena</td> |
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<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20200206001415if_/https://graphic.nobody.jp/musical_picture/veena_vichitra.jpg</td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td>saraswati veena</td> |
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<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20200206001410if_/https://graphic.nobody.jp/musical_picture/veena_saraswati.jpg</td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td>chitra veena</td> |
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<td>Cell 2</td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td>hansa veena<br> |
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original indian slide guitar</td> |
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<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20200206001429if_/https://saisaibatake.ame-zaiku.com/gakki/imgi2/hansa_veena.png</td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td>mohan veena</td> |
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<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20200206001422if_/https://saisaibatake.ame-zaiku.com/musical/instruments/mohanveena.jpg</td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td>'''sitar''' [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229205 wd] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitar en] [https://musicbrainz.org/instrument/9290b2c1-97c3-4355-a26f-c6dba89cf8ff mb] <br> |
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hindustani sitar seems to have more in common with large uzbek dutar [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143814 wd] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutar en] [https://musicbrainz.org/instrument/b3cf8cff-f7c7-4311-bf4e-cfc09bdb07ca mb] than persian setar [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1544746 wd] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setar en] [https://musicbrainz.org/instrument/f1299271-c5d7-4f7c-8b72-d64aa152c3bb mb]<br> |
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sitar and souther tambura [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3541715 wd] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanb%C5%ABra_(lyre) en] MB! (how relates to drone tanbura? [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1164636 wd] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanpura en] [https://musicbrainz.org/instrument/a19ae157-702a-40c6-892f-9bcb97328b7b mb]) to be evolved from the dutar?<br> |
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Kinnari vina develped into Sarasvati vina<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraswati_veena#History</ref><br> |
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sitar has frets, tambura not<br> |
sitar has frets, tambura not<br> |
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terms "fretted and unfretted tambura" used to distinguish between sitar and fretless drone taMbura<br> |
terms "fretted and unfretted tambura" used to distinguish between sitar and fretless drone taMbura<br> |
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Line 39: | Line 95: | ||
carnatic sitar<br> |
carnatic sitar<br> |
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kashmiri setar<br> |
kashmiri setar<br> |
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afghan tanbur<br> |
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gujarati sittarae(poss)<br> |
gujarati sittarae(poss)<br> |
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<br> |
<br> |
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modern:<br> |
modern:<br> |
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most common: <u>Hindustani concert sitar</u> aka tarafdar sitar ( |
most common: <u>Hindustani concert sitar</u> aka tarafdar sitar (single gourd and double gourd)<br> |
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: has sympathetic strings, this is mostly commonly just called sitar and is the standard made <br> |
: has sympathetic strings, this is mostly commonly just called sitar and is the standard made <br> |
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<u>sada sitar</u> (plain or practice sitar)<br> |
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<u>kachva sitar</u> muhammad khan developed the surbahar from this, name probably a ref to the part of the gourd its used from.<br> |
<u>kachva sitar</u> muhammad khan developed the surbahar from this, name probably a ref to the part of the gourd its used from.<br> |
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</td> |
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small sitar (kinnari veena)<br> |
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<td>https://staticbrainz.org/irombook/sitar/sitar.png</td> |
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carnatic sitar<br> |
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< |
</tr> |
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< |
<tr> |
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<td>kachva sitar</td> |
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surbahar<br> |
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<td>Cell 2</td> |
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effectively a bass sitar. invented c1820 by ghulam muhammad<br> |
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< |
</tr> |
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<td>surbahar [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980383 wd] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surbahar en] [https://musicbrainz.org/instrument/1ed558ad-1628-4e5f-8d14-e18e54375cd5 mb]<br> |
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<br> |
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effectively a bass sitar. invented c1820 by ghulam muhammad<br></td> |
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'''Sursingar''' hybrid plucked north indian classical lute invented c1800 by jaffar khan (seniya family)<br> |
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<td>Cell 2</td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td>tanpura aka tambura aka tanpur (etc)</td> |
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<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20160114205226if_/https://digitalstamp.suppa.jp/musical_instruments_t/tanpura.gif</td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td>Afghan rubab [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640934 wd] [https://beta.musicbrainz.org/instrument/7e42e637-c7b4-422c-ad56-f7fafbd961bb mb]<br> |
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(Kabuli rebab)</td> |
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<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20191221043431if_/https://digitalstamp.suppa.jp/musical_instruments_r/rabab_arabia.gif</td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td>Seni rebab [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7450625 wd] [https://beta.musicbrainz.org/instrument/9869ff82-9ba5-41a7-b2b2-e19f4e4a1083 mb]</td> |
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<td>Cell 2</td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td>'''Sursingar''' [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372387 wd] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sursingar en] [https://musicbrainz.org/instrument/efca0287-2791-4209-b29b-1019891cb8d2 mb] hybrid plucked north indian classical lute invented c1800 by jaffar khan (seniya family)<br> |
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resonator, front and bridge from sitar, upperpart of neck/pegboard like the '''rabab''', tuned and played like '''rabab''', plectrum like sitar.<br> |
resonator, front and bridge from sitar, upperpart of neck/pegboard like the '''rabab''', tuned and played like '''rabab''', plectrum like sitar.<br> |
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(clearly this is a sitar/rabab hybrid)<br> |
(clearly this is a sitar/rabab hybrid)<br></td> |
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<td>https://staticbrainz.org/irombook/sursringar/sursringar.png</td> |
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it has a sub-branch the sitariya (see sitar -_-)<br> |
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< |
</tr> |
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< |
<tr> |
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<td>sarod [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q687406 wd] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarod en] [https://beta.musicbrainz.org/instrument/97d2aa1e-b5e6-4930-ab0e-f2cfe508b253 mb]</td> |
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+ lookup +<br> |
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<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20160511013835if_/https://saisaibatake.ame-zaiku.com/gakki/imgi/sarod_i.gif</td> |
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taus mayerivina<br> |
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</tr> |
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veena<br> |
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<tr> |
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dhodro banam<br> |
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<td>swarabat [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7653835 wd] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarabat en] [https://tickets.metabrainz.org/browse/INST-983 jira]<br> |
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: kachva sitar<br> |
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sarod from the south</td> |
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: surbahar<br> |
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<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20200317195216if_/https://digitalstamp.suppa.jp/musical_instruments_s/swarabat.jpg</td> |
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bin-sitar<br> |
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</tr> |
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kamaica<br> |
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<tr> |
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ravanhattha<br> |
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<td>Chikara [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5097384 wd] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chikara_(instrument) en] [https://tickets.metabrainz.org/browse/INST-955 jira]</td> |
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khuur (mong fiddle)<br> |
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<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20191220143300if_/https://digitalstamp.suppa.jp/musical_instruments_c/chikara.jpg</td> |
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<br> |
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</tr> |
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'''rabab'''-> sarod<br> |
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< |
<tr> |
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<td>kamayacha [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q87826372 wd] [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Kamayacha commons] mb!</td> |
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<br> |
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<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20191218175859if_/https://digitalstamp.suppa.jp/musical_instruments_k/kamaicha.gif</td> |
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<br> |
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</tr> |
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double chested '''rabab''' (pearshaped lute rubab)<br> |
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<tr> |
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long-necked rabab (spikefiddle rebab)<br> |
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<td>pulluvan veena [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55525195 wd] [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulluvan_vina ge] mb!</td> |
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<br> |
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<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20200206001442if_/https://saisaibatake.ame-zaiku.com/gakkipedia/img/pulluvan-veena.gif</td> |
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<br> |
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< |
</tr> |
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<tr> |
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'''svaraj''' fretless long necked plucked lute from bangladesj, it is a bangl version of the bengali/northindian dotara, it ought to be spelled saraj (see esraj) <br> |
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<td>Cell 1</td> |
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<br> |
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<td>Cell 2</td> |
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<br> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td>taus </td> |
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suba<br> |
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<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20191228042044if_/https://digitalstamp.suppa.jp/musical_instruments_t/taus.gif</td> |
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sita<br> |
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</tr> |
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Origin: India, 13th century.<br> |
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<tr> |
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Strings/Courses: 7/7<br> |
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<td>mayuri-vina<br></td> |
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Further notes: 3 drone strings, 5 melody strings, usually 12 sympathetic strings. Sympathetic strings are tuned depending on the raga being played. Steel strings.<br> |
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<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20191223221916if_/https://digitalstamp.suppa.jp/musical_instruments_m/mayuri_veena.gif</td> |
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Scale Length: 680-870mm<br> |
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< |
</tr> |
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<tr> |
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The Sitar is a Hindustani Classical Instrument. <br> |
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<td>dilruba<br> |
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Dilruba is a compacter, mobiler instrument, is based on the heavier Taus<ref name="esraj at en.wiki">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esraj#History</ref><br> |
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sari<br> |
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Guru Gobind Singh</td> |
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banam(rebs)<br> |
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<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20191220220752if_/https://digitalstamp.suppa.jp/musical_instruments_d/dilruba.gif</td> |
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<br> |
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< |
</tr> |
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< |
<tr> |
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<td>esraj<br> |
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spikefiddle, to wit the ghjichak and the kemenche belong...<br> |
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a kind of cross between sitar and sarangi, it is a modern variant of dilruba<ref name="Esraj på Svenskwiki">https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esraj</ref><br> |
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short necked fiddle boat-shaped (appears similar to double chested ones and may these pre-evolution)<br> |
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Ishwari Raj<br> |
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long necked barbed lute (pearshaped lutes?!) kamance ravaj read vina<br> |
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(how is related to svaraj?)</td> |
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double chested lutes, herein the sarinda and sarangi families.<br> |
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<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20200206002214if_/https://graphic.nobody.jp/musical_picture/esraj_2.jpg</td> |
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<br> |
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</tr> |
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https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/From-Tri-tantri-Veena-to-Sitar/articleshow/21391436.cms and images on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tritantri_vina and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setar (compare image on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitar ) makes it clear that it is the setar that is evolved from the tritantri veena - the sitar https://beta.musicbrainz.org/instrument/9290b2c1-97c3-4355-a26f-c6dba89cf8ff/ an unrelated (but possible distant cousin) was *named* after the Persian setar. |
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<tr> |
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<td>'''sarangi''' [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q608650 wd] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarangi en] [https://musicbrainz.org/instrument/79f5331d-d17c-4c2e-8ad0-44144432a754 mb]<br> |
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hindustani classical music<br> |
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there might be other types</td> |
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<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20200205230058if_/https://graphic.nobody.jp/musical_picture/sarangi_india_2.jpg</td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td>'''sarinda''' [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q348878 wd] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarinda en] [https://tickets.metabrainz.org/browse/INST-856 jira]<br> |
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Related to other folk fiddles like qobuz, saroz, sorud, surando, surinda, sareja, svaraj, banam, nepali sarangi.<br></td> |
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<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20191219134928if_/https://digitalstamp.suppa.jp/musical_instruments_s/sarinda.gif</td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td>nepali sarangi [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7423131 wd] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarangi_(Nepali) en] MB!(?)<br> |
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Type of lute, evolved from the Boat-shaped rabab (kabuli rabab)</td> |
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<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20191218153957if_/https://digitalstamp.suppa.jp/musical_instruments_s/sarangi_nepal.gif</td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td>Cell 1</td> |
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<td>Cell 2</td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td>Cell 1</td> |
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<td>Cell 2</td> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
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== harplike/veena == |
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* taus/mayuri veena/b |
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* yazh |
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* saung/saung-gauk/ |
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<table border="1"> |
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<tr> |
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<td>[[User:CatCat/yazh-yazhoo|yazh]]<br> |
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Mayil Yazh<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110927234750/http://www.chennaimuseum.org/draft/gallery/02/01/musinst2.htm</ref><br> |
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Vil Yazh<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110927234851/http://www.chennaimuseum.org/draft/gallery/02/01/musinst3.htm</ref></td> |
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<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20191220095908if_/https://digitalstamp.suppa.jp/musical_instruments_y/yazh.gif</td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td>saung gauk</td> |
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<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20200212130253if_/https://digitalstamp.suppa.jp/musical_instruments_s/saunggauk.gif</td> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
Latest revision as of 07:39, 25 March 2024
Veena or vina
Early history
Initially used as a name for any chordophone, ancient "veena" were musical bows with increasing strings such as
these later developed into Harp veena like yazh and the burmese saung gauk.
concordantly, short necked lutes originating from graeco-buddhist northwestern gandhara province. these where played standing but held variously, pearshaped pipa-like lutes appear in peninsular India, these were played sitting or standing. kaccapi vina is believed to be lute-type.
Medieval Stick Zither
Medieval Stick Zither type veena. gradually replacing the previous harp and short-neck lute type, many folk instruments are these. principal types are alapini vina, ekatantri vina, and kinnari vina.
Folk Stick Zither
Of note is tuila, kullutna rajan, and also the jantar, which are Folk Stick-zithers
The Bīn
Fretless Stick Zither
The Vicitrā vīṇā is the northern fretless instrument, it is a Stick Zither, but this is actually of the hybrid bīṇ sitār type: it has a wide neck (about 10 cm) which is D shaped with the sympathetic strings' pegs set in the side. The neck ends in an integrated wood resonator, often carved like a peacock's head, in some cases it is smaller and pear-shaped, in others it is larger like the sitar's. The hollow neck has two large bottle-gourds screwed into the back. The main strings are tuned in descending 4th and 5ths, the slider (baṭṭā) is a glass egg.
Saraswatī Vīṇā
History
Fretless Gourd-lute
Chitra vina is..
Sitar
Modern Veena
Mohan...
Bowed Chordophones
Table of Veena:
Cell 1 | Cell 2 |
jantar | |
rudra veena | |
vichitra veena | |
saraswati veena | |
chitra veena | Cell 2 |
hansa veena original indian slide guitar |
|
mohan veena | |
sitar wd en mb hindustani sitar seems to have more in common with large uzbek dutar wd en mb than persian setar wd en mb
other sitar types: (distribution and related features suggest a common development)
kachva sitar muhammad khan developed the surbahar from this, name probably a ref to the part of the gourd its used from. |
|
kachva sitar | Cell 2 |
surbahar wd en mb effectively a bass sitar. invented c1820 by ghulam muhammad |
Cell 2 |
tanpura aka tambura aka tanpur (etc) | |
Afghan rubab wd mb (Kabuli rebab) |
|
Seni rebab wd mb | Cell 2 |
Sursingar wd en mb hybrid plucked north indian classical lute invented c1800 by jaffar khan (seniya family) resonator, front and bridge from sitar, upperpart of neck/pegboard like the rabab, tuned and played like rabab, plectrum like sitar. |
|
sarod wd en mb | |
swarabat wd en jira sarod from the south |
|
Chikara wd en jira | |
kamayacha wd commons mb! | |
pulluvan veena wd ge mb! | |
Cell 1 | Cell 2 |
taus | |
mayuri-vina |
|
dilruba Dilruba is a compacter, mobiler instrument, is based on the heavier Taus[2] |
|
esraj a kind of cross between sitar and sarangi, it is a modern variant of dilruba[3] |
|
sarangi wd en mb hindustani classical music |
|
sarinda wd en jira Related to other folk fiddles like qobuz, saroz, sorud, surando, surinda, sareja, svaraj, banam, nepali sarangi. |
|
nepali sarangi wd en MB!(?) Type of lute, evolved from the Boat-shaped rabab (kabuli rabab) |
|
Cell 1 | Cell 2 |
Cell 1 | Cell 2 |
harplike/veena
- taus/mayuri veena/b
- yazh
- saung/saung-gauk/
yazh Mayil Yazh[4] |
|
saung gauk |
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraswati_veena#History
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esraj#History
- ↑ https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esraj
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20110927234750/http://www.chennaimuseum.org/draft/gallery/02/01/musinst2.htm
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20110927234851/http://www.chennaimuseum.org/draft/gallery/02/01/musinst3.htm