Barcode: Difference between revisions

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{{DocumentationHeader|Release|Terminology}}

==Definition==
==Definition==


Barcodes are machine-readable numbers used as stock control mechanisms by retailers: as such they are highly standardised and well recognised, and form an invaluable identifier for communication between companies.
[[wikipedia:Barcode|Barcodes]] are numbers used as stock control mechanisms by retailers: as such they are highly standardised and well recognised, and form an invaluable identifier for communication between companies.


On physical releases, they usually appear in the form of a machine-readable series of black and white bars, hence the name "barcode". On digital releases, they appear in numerical form and might be embedded in metadata of downloaded files, returned by an [[wikipedia:API|API]], hidden in the HTML source of a digital service provider or are part of a [[wikipedia:URL|URL]].
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There are a few different types. Some of the most common are:
* Universal Product Code ([[UPC]]):
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<ul><li style="list-style-type:none">This was the original barcode introduced in the US. They are theoretically 12 digits long, but any number of zeros at the start can be left off, so the actual printed barcode can be shorter than this. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Product_Code Wikipedia page]
</ul>
* European Article Number ([[EAN]]):
<ul><li style="list-style-type:none">This is the European version, and is basically the same as the UPC but has 13 digits. All UPCs are also valid EANs, they just have an extra zero at the start. Somewhere, not sure where, I got the impression that the US is also standardising on EANs now. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EAN Wikipedia page] EAN is also used in Japan under the name of Japan Article Number ([[JAN]]). The country codes for japanese products being 49 and 45. Wikipedia pages: [http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/JANコード ja], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Article_Number en]
</ul>


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There are many different types of barcode, but the ones usually found on music releases are two:
==Finding==


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* [[wikipedia:Universal_Product_Code|Universal Product Code]] (UPC), which is the original barcode used in North America. They are 12 digits long, but any number of zeros at the start can be left off, so the actual printed barcode can be shorter than this.
You're in luck if you have the physical media and there's a barcode printed on it. When doing research on releases you don't own, it's often hard to find the right UPC/EAN. Here are some tips to help you out.
* [[wikipedia:European_Article_Number|European Article Number]] (EAN) also known as Japanese Article Number (JAN), which is widely used in the rest of the world. The 13 digit type (EAN-13) is the most common, although there are others such as EAN-8. A UPC can be turned into an EAN-13 by adding a leading zero.


===Googling===
==Guidelines==


See [[Style/Release#Barcode|the guideline for barcodes]].
* "artist name"+"release name"+"EAN"/"UPC"/"JAN"
* <Amazon ASIN>+"EAN"/"UPC"/"JAN"
* <catalog number>+"EAN"/"UPC"/"JAN"


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==Other identifiers==
===Guessing===


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* [[Release/Catalog Number|Catalog number]]
* Many western labels use parts of barcodes for catalog numbers, or rather catalog numbers in barcodes.
* The last digit is always the checksum. You can easily calculate it using an on-line [http://www.upcdatabase.com/checkdigit.asp tool].
* The digit just before the checksum often stands for media type. E.g. many EMI sublabels often use these: 1 - LP, 2 - CD, 4 - MC, 6 - 12" vinyl, 7 - 7" vinyl, 8 - MD. If you have one barcode, you can try changing the type digit, recalculating the check digit and googling for the new barcode. But also note that different media types sometimes contain different track lists. E.g. LPs are sometimes shorter than CDs.
* If all you have is a catalog number, and you think it's part of a barcode, look for releases from the same years, artist and/or label with similar numbers. You'll often find many releases have the same barcode prefix, so all you'll have to do is prepend the prefix to the catalog number, add the type digit (if needed), calculate the check digit - and you're done.

==Reasons for Adding Barcodes==

I think it's worth recording these, just so we know why we're doing what we're doing:
* Barcodes are an industry standard for identifying products. Adding barcodes makes the [[MusicBrainz]] data much more accessible and useful for a variety of organisations, from wholesalers and retailers to public libraries. Some of them might be prepared to license the [[MusicBrainz]] database.
* Barcodes are clear, visually distinct, well recognised, and almost ubiquitous. This makes them a really useful way to help amateur cataloguers be precise about exactly what they are talking about, even if they don't understand the full subtleties of re-releases, regional variations, catalog numbers, and so on.
* [[Amazon Matching|AmazonMatching]] would be made far easier if barcodes were available. Adding a barcode to an album would, pretty much automatically, result in [[MusicBrainz]] acquiring an [[ASIN]] as well. This adds cover-art to album pages, and earns [[MusicBrainz]] money through referral fees.
* You can buy USB barcode scanners for not much money. This would be a nice way to manage large collections of music. For example, a music collector buys a job lot of old CDs at a jumble sale, and wants to add them all to their private catalog. OK, maybe not a very common requirement, but I thought I'd throw it in there! :-)

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==Other Identifiers==

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* [[Release Catalog Number|ReleaseCatalogNumber]]
* [[Label Code|LabelCode]] (Note: for labels, not albums)
* [[ASIN]]
* [[ASIN]]
* [[ISRC]] for recordings (single tracks)
* [[Label Code]] for labels
* [[ISRC]] for recordings

* [[ISWC]] for works
Also see [http://www.iasa-web.org/icat/08_0.htm http://www.iasa-web.org/icat/08_0.htm] for some others.


==Resources==
==Resources==


* [[wikipedia:List_of_GS1_country_codes|List of country codes]] to find where an EAN comes from.
[http://www.barcodesinc.com/generator/ Barcode generator]
* [[wikipedia:GEPIR|GEPIR]] - distributed database of GS1 members, useful for looking up to which company a barcode belongs to

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[[Category:Release]] [[Category:Terminology]] [[Category:Identifier]] [[Category:To Be Reviewed]]
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[[Category:To Be Reviewed]] [[Category:Release]] [[Category:Terminology]] [[Category:Identifier]]

Revision as of 20:25, 10 January 2021

Definition

Barcodes are numbers used as stock control mechanisms by retailers: as such they are highly standardised and well recognised, and form an invaluable identifier for communication between companies.

On physical releases, they usually appear in the form of a machine-readable series of black and white bars, hence the name "barcode". On digital releases, they appear in numerical form and might be embedded in metadata of downloaded files, returned by an API, hidden in the HTML source of a digital service provider or are part of a URL.

There are many different types of barcode, but the ones usually found on music releases are two:

  • Universal Product Code (UPC), which is the original barcode used in North America. They are 12 digits long, but any number of zeros at the start can be left off, so the actual printed barcode can be shorter than this.
  • European Article Number (EAN) also known as Japanese Article Number (JAN), which is widely used in the rest of the world. The 13 digit type (EAN-13) is the most common, although there are others such as EAN-8. A UPC can be turned into an EAN-13 by adding a leading zero.

Guidelines

See the guideline for barcodes.

Other identifiers

Resources

  • List of country codes to find where an EAN comes from.
  • GEPIR - distributed database of GS1 members, useful for looking up to which company a barcode belongs to
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