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Veena or vina
= Veena or vina =


== Early history ==
Veena:
Initially used as a name for any chordophone, ancient "veena" were musical bows with increasing strings such as
these later developed into Harp veena like yazh and the burmese saung gauk.<br>
concordantly, short necked lutes originating from graeco-buddhist northwestern gandhara province. these where played standing but held variously, pearshaped pipa-like lutes appear in peninsular India, these were played sitting or standing. kaccapi vina is believed to be lute-type.


== Medieval Stick Zither ==
'''sarangi'''<br>
Medieval Stick Zither type veena
hindustani classical music, rajasthani folk sarangi, nepali sarangi<br>
sarangi type:<br>
kashmir (saran)<br>
south afghanistan (sarang)<br>
jammu (saranga)<br>
<br>


Veena:
.type of lute, evolved from the rabab includes this and the ghaychack in its family evolved from the kobyz. (kobyz, ghaychac sarangi)<br>
<table border="1">
<br>
<tr>
'''sarinda''', is related to and may derive from central asian shamans-fiddle qobuz (kobys?)<br>
<td>Cell 1</td>
widespread:<br>
<td>Cell 2</td>
afghanistan, pakistan and north india (sarinda)<br>
</tr>
: pakistani baluchistan (saroz)<br>
</table>
: iranian baluchistan (sorud (soruz)) derived from qobuz but more like indian types in use and construction, used for ritual<br>
: pakistani sind (surando) sindi and baluchi models have deeper upper bouts than sarinda<br>
rajasthan (surinda) three main strings<br>
Assam (sareja)<br>
: ''bengal (variant long necked svaraj)(belongs to sitar maybe?)''<br>
manipur north-east india (sananta)<br>
east & north india (banam)<br>
nepal (sarangi)<br>
<br>
<br>
.....<br>


<table border="1">
'''sitar'''<br>
<tr>
hindustani sitar seems to have more in common with large uzbek dutar than persian setar<br>
<td>Chikara [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5097384 wd] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chikara_(instrument) en] [https://tickets.metabrainz.org/browse/INST-955 jira]</td>
sitar and souther tambura (drone tanbura? yes!) to be evolved from the dutar?<br>
<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20191220143300if_/https://digitalstamp.suppa.jp/musical_instruments_c/chikara.jpg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>sarod</td>
<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20160511013835if_/https://saisaibatake.ame-zaiku.com/gakki/imgi/sarod_i.gif</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>'''Sursingar''' [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372387 wd] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sursingar en] [https://musicbrainz.org/instrument/efca0287-2791-4209-b29b-1019891cb8d2 mb] hybrid plucked north indian classical lute invented c1800 by jaffar khan (seniya family)<br>
resonator, front and bridge from sitar, upperpart of neck/pegboard like the '''rabab''', tuned and played like '''rabab''', plectrum like sitar.<br>
(clearly this is a sitar/rabab hybrid)<br></td>
<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20200206002205if_/https://saisaibatake.ame-zaiku.com/musical/instruments/sursringar_i.jpg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>'''sitar''' [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229205 wd] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitar en] [https://musicbrainz.org/instrument/9290b2c1-97c3-4355-a26f-c6dba89cf8ff mb] <br>
hindustani sitar seems to have more in common with large uzbek dutar [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143814 wd] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutar en] [https://musicbrainz.org/instrument/b3cf8cff-f7c7-4311-bf4e-cfc09bdb07ca mb] than persian setar [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1544746 wd] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setar en] [https://musicbrainz.org/instrument/f1299271-c5d7-4f7c-8b72-d64aa152c3bb mb]<br>
sitar and souther tambura [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3541715 wd] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanb%C5%ABra_(lyre) en] MB! (how relates to drone tanbura? [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1164636 wd] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanpura en] [https://musicbrainz.org/instrument/a19ae157-702a-40c6-892f-9bcb97328b7b mb]) to be evolved from the dutar?<br>
also Sarasvati vina from this?<br>
also Sarasvati vina from this?<br>
sitar has frets, tambura not<br>
sitar has frets, tambura not<br>
Line 39: Line 43:
carnatic sitar<br>
carnatic sitar<br>
kashmiri setar<br>
kashmiri setar<br>
afgan tanbur<br>
afghan tanbur<br>
gujarati sittarae(poss)<br>
gujarati sittarae(poss)<br>
<br>
<br>
Line 48: Line 52:
<u>kachva sitar</u> muhammad khan developed the surbahar from this, name probably a ref to the part of the gourd its used from.<br>
<u>kachva sitar</u> muhammad khan developed the surbahar from this, name probably a ref to the part of the gourd its used from.<br>
small sitar (kinnari veena)<br>
small sitar (kinnari veena)<br>
carnatic sitar<br>
carnatic sitar<br></td>
<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20160417012026if_/https://digitalstamp.suppa.jp/musical_instruments_s/sitar.gif</td>
<br>
<br>
</tr>
<tr>
surbahar<br>
<td>kachva sitar aka kacchapi vina</td>
effectively a bass sitar. invented c1820 by ghulam muhammad<br>
<td>Cell 2</td>
<br>
<br>
</tr>
<td>surbahar [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980383 wd] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surbahar en] [https://musicbrainz.org/instrument/1ed558ad-1628-4e5f-8d14-e18e54375cd5 mb]<br>
'''Sursingar''' hybrid plucked north indian classical lute invented c1800 by jaffar khan (seniya family)<br>
effectively a bass sitar. invented c1820 by ghulam muhammad<br></td>
resonator, front and bridge from sitar, upperpart of neck/pegboard like the '''rabab''', tuned and played like '''rabab''', plectrum like sitar.<br>
<td>Cell 2</td>
(clearly this is a sitar/rabab hybrid)<br>
</tr>
it has a sub-branch the sitariya (see sitar -_-)<br>
<br>
<tr>
<td>tanpura aka tambura aka tanpur (etc)</td>
<br>
<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20140603224228if_/https://saisaibatake.ame-zaiku.com/gakki/imgi/tanpura_ia.gif</td>
+ lookup +<br>
</tr>
taus mayerivina<br>
veena<br>
<tr>
<td>saraswati veena</td>
dhodro banam<br>
<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20200206001410if_/https://graphic.nobody.jp/musical_picture/veena_saraswati.jpg</td>
: kachva sitar<br>
</tr>
: surbahar<br>
<tr>
bin-sitar<br>
<td>vichitra veena</td>
kamaica<br>
<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20200206001415if_/https://graphic.nobody.jp/musical_picture/veena_vichitra.jpg</td>
ravanhattha<br>
</tr>
khuur (mongolian fiddles)<br>
<br>
<tr>
<td>rudra veena</td>
'''rabab'''-> sarod<br>
<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20200206001418if_/https://graphic.nobody.jp/musical_picture/veena_rudra.jpg</td>
<br>
<br>
</tr>
<br>
<tr>
<td>mohan veena</td>
double chested '''rabab''' (pearshaped lute rubab)<br>
<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20200206001422if_/https://saisaibatake.ame-zaiku.com/musical/instruments/mohanveena.jpg</td>
long-necked rabab (spikefiddle rebab)<br>
<br>
</tr>
<br>
<tr>
<br>
<td>hansa veena<br>
?(novelty)</td>
'''svaraj''' fretless long necked plucked lute from bangladesj, it is a bangl version of the bengali/northindian dotara, it ought to be spelled saraj (see esraj) <br>
<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20200206001429if_/https://saisaibatake.ame-zaiku.com/gakki/imgi2/hansa_veena.png</td>
<br>
<br>
</tr>
sara<br>
<tr>
<td>pulluvan veena [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55525195 wd] [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulluvan_vina ge] mb!</td>
surs<br>
<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20200206001442if_/https://saisaibatake.ame-zaiku.com/gakkipedia/img/pulluvan-veena.gif</td>
suba<br>
sita<br>
</tr>
<tr>
Origin: India, 13th century.<br>
<td>Cell 1</td>
Strings/Courses: 7/7<br>
<td>Cell 2</td>
Further notes: 3 drone strings, 5 melody strings, usually 12 sympathetic strings. Sympathetic strings are tuned depending on the raga being played. Steel strings.<br>
</tr>
Scale Length: 680-870mm<br>
<br>
<tr>
<tr>
The Sitar is a Hindustani Classical Instrument. <br>
<td>Cell 1</td>
saro<br>
<td>Cell 2</td>
sari<br>
</tr>
banam(rebs)<br>
<br>
<tr>
<td>Cell 1</td>
<br>
<td>Cell 2</td>
<br>
</tr>
spikefiddle, to wit the ghjichak and the [[User:CatCat/k*m*n*|kemenche]] belong...<br>
</table>
short necked fiddle boat-shaped (appears similar to double chested ones and may these pre-evolution)<br>

long necked barbed lute (pearshaped lutes?!) kamanche ravaj read vina<br>

double chested lutes, herein the sarinda and sarangi families.<br>
<table border="1">
<br>
<tr>
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/From-Tri-tantri-Veena-to-Sitar/articleshow/21391436.cms and images on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tritantri_vina and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setar (compare image on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitar ) makes it clear that it is the setar that is evolved from the tritantri veena - the sitar https://beta.musicbrainz.org/instrument/9290b2c1-97c3-4355-a26f-c6dba89cf8ff/ an unrelated (but possible distant cousin) was *named* after the Persian setar.
<td>taus </td>
<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20191228042044if_/https://digitalstamp.suppa.jp/musical_instruments_t/taus.gif</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>mayuri-vina<br></td>
<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20191223221916if_/https://digitalstamp.suppa.jp/musical_instruments_m/mayuri_veena.gif</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[User:CatCat/yazh-yazhoo|yazh]]</td>
<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20191220095908if_/https://digitalstamp.suppa.jp/musical_instruments_y/yazh.gif</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>saung gauk</td>
<td>http://web.archive.org/web/20200212130253if_/https://digitalstamp.suppa.jp/musical_instruments_s/saunggauk.gif</td>
</tr>
</table>

Revision as of 13:05, 12 February 2020

Veena or vina

Early history

Initially used as a name for any chordophone, ancient "veena" were musical bows with increasing strings such as these later developed into Harp veena like yazh and the burmese saung gauk.
concordantly, short necked lutes originating from graeco-buddhist northwestern gandhara province. these where played standing but held variously, pearshaped pipa-like lutes appear in peninsular India, these were played sitting or standing. kaccapi vina is believed to be lute-type.

Medieval Stick Zither

Medieval Stick Zither type veena

Veena:

Cell 1 Cell 2
Chikara wd en jira chikara.jpg
sarod sarod_i.gif
Sursingar wd en mb hybrid plucked north indian classical lute invented c1800 by jaffar khan (seniya family)

resonator, front and bridge from sitar, upperpart of neck/pegboard like the rabab, tuned and played like rabab, plectrum like sitar.

(clearly this is a sitar/rabab hybrid)
 sursringar_i.jpg
sitar wd en mb

hindustani sitar seems to have more in common with large uzbek dutar wd en mb than persian setar wd en mb
sitar and souther tambura wd en MB! (how relates to drone tanbura? wd en mb) to be evolved from the dutar?
also Sarasvati vina from this?
sitar has frets, tambura not
terms "fretted and unfretted tambura" used to distinguish between sitar and fretless drone taMbura

sursotta (transportable drone tambura)

other sitar types: (distribution and related features suggest a common development)
carnatic sitar
kashmiri setar
afghan tanbur
gujarati sittarae(poss)

modern:
most common: Hindustani concert sitar aka tarafdar sitar (singel gourd and duble gourd)

has sympathetic strings, this is mostly commonly just called sitar and is the standard made

sada sitar (plain or practice sitar)
kachva sitar muhammad khan developed the surbahar from this, name probably a ref to the part of the gourd its used from.
small sitar (kinnari veena)

carnatic sitar
 sitar.gif
kachva sitar aka kacchapi vina Cell 2
surbahar wd en mb
effectively a bass sitar. invented c1820 by ghulam muhammad
 Cell 2
tanpura aka tambura aka tanpur (etc) tanpura_ia.gif
saraswati veena veena_saraswati.jpg
vichitra veena veena_vichitra.jpg
rudra veena veena_rudra.jpg
mohan veena mohanveena.jpg
hansa veena
?(novelty)		 hansa_veena.png
pulluvan veena wd ge mb! pulluvan-veena.gif
Cell 1 Cell 2
Cell 1 Cell 2
Cell 1 Cell 2


taus taus.gif
mayuri-vina
 mayuri_veena.gif
yazh yazh.gif
saung gauk saunggauk.gif
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