User:ApeKattQuest, MonkeyPython/v*na

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Veena or vina

Early history

Initially used as a name for any chordophone, ancient "veena" were musical bows with increasing strings such as these later developed into Harp veena like yazh and the burmese saung gauk.
concordantly, short necked lutes originating from graeco-buddhist northwestern gandhara province. these where played standing but held variously, pearshaped pipa-like lutes appear in peninsular India, these were played sitting or standing. kaccapi vina is believed to be lute-type.

Medieval Stick Zither

Medieval Stick Zither type veena

Veena:

Cell 1 Cell 2
Chikara wd en jira chikara.jpg
sarod sarod_i.gif
Sursingar wd en mb hybrid plucked north indian classical lute invented c1800 by jaffar khan (seniya family)

resonator, front and bridge from sitar, upperpart of neck/pegboard like the rabab, tuned and played like rabab, plectrum like sitar.

(clearly this is a sitar/rabab hybrid)
sursringar_i.jpg
sitar wd en mb

hindustani sitar seems to have more in common with large uzbek dutar wd en mb than persian setar wd en mb
sitar and souther tambura wd en MB! (how relates to drone tanbura? wd en mb) to be evolved from the dutar?
also Sarasvati vina from this?
sitar has frets, tambura not
terms "fretted and unfretted tambura" used to distinguish between sitar and fretless drone taMbura

sursotta (transportable drone tambura)

other sitar types: (distribution and related features suggest a common development)
carnatic sitar
kashmiri setar
afghan tanbur
gujarati sittarae(poss)

modern:
most common: Hindustani concert sitar aka tarafdar sitar (singel gourd and duble gourd)

has sympathetic strings, this is mostly commonly just called sitar and is the standard made

sada sitar (plain or practice sitar)
kachva sitar muhammad khan developed the surbahar from this, name probably a ref to the part of the gourd its used from.
small sitar (kinnari veena)

carnatic sitar
sitar.gif
kachva sitar aka kacchapi vina Cell 2
surbahar wd en mb
effectively a bass sitar. invented c1820 by ghulam muhammad
Cell 2
tanpura aka tambura aka tanpur (etc) tanpura_ia.gif
saraswati veena veena_saraswati.jpg
vichitra veena veena_vichitra.jpg
rudra veena veena_rudra.jpg
mohan veena mohanveena.jpg
hansa veena
?(novelty)
hansa_veena.png
pulluvan veena wd ge mb! pulluvan-veena.gif
Cell 1 Cell 2
Cell 1 Cell 2
Cell 1 Cell 2